RNA and Protein Synthesis

1. RNA and Protein Synthesis

2. RNA • RNA – Ribonucleic Acid • Single stranded nucleotide chain • DNA’s Thymine is REPLACED by Uracil • A & T “break up” because of the new guy: U • But C & G are still 4-eva

3. RNA • 3 types of RNA • mRNA – messenger • Carries DNA code from nucleus  cytoplasm  ribosome • tRNA – transfer • Transfers the amino acids to the ribosome for protein assembly (our fetching puppy) • rRNA – ribosomal • Produce enzymes to bond amino acids during protein synthesis

4. mRNA - messenger RNA • Used for protein synthesis • Codes for amino acid sequence • made from DNA • travels • Nucleus  Cytoplasm  Ribosomes DNA: GACCATAGC mRNA: Codon: group of 3 bases “GAC” or “CAT” CUGGUAUCG

5. tRNA – transfer RNA • Brings specific amino acid to the growing amino acid chain • “fetching puppy” mRNA codon “UGG” Anticodon “ACC” Corresponding Amino Acid

6. The Genetic Code • Use mRNA codons with chart!!!!

7. DNA sequence: TACCATAGC mRNA sequence: AUGGUAUCG 1st Codon in seq: AUG Find the 2nd letter in the codon across Find the 3rd letter in the codon down Find the first letter in the codon here

8. Codon “AUG”  Methionine (START)

9. Practice using your own chart • DNA sequence: TCCAATCTA • mRNA sequence: AGGUUAGAU • Codons: AGG UUA GAU • Amino Acid sequence: Argenine – Leucine – Aspartic Acid

10. Peptide Bonds – amino acids are connected together through peptide bonds Argenine – Leucine – Aspartic Acid Proteins = polypeptide = amino acid chain

11. Protein Synthesis 1) Transcription – stage of protein synthesis where instructions for making a protein are transferred to an RNA molecule • DNA  mRNA : transcription 2) Translation – stage of protein synthesis when the information in mRNA is used to make proteins • mRNA  amino acid chain