GFOI Element #1 Coverage and Future Plans

1. GFOI Element #1Coverage and Future Plans Brian Killough (NASA, SEO)Paul Kessler, Shaun Deacon, Kim Keith September 4-6, 2013 SDCG-4 Meeting Pasadena, CA, USA

2. Agenda • SEO support to GFOI • GFOI Country Information • Landsat Historical Coverage • Country Analyses • COVE Tool and Demo

3. SEO Support to GFOI – Element #1 • How will the SEO support GFOI Element #1 - Global Data Acquisition Strategy? • Provide early assessments of Landsat archive data to identify the need for LTAP adjustments, pixel mining or alternative measurements (SAR). • Conduct country-level assessments for 2013 countries (15 total) and 2014 countries (36 total) to proactively plan future acquisitions. • Work with country representatives to facilitate further analyses, consideration of other/future missions or access to data products.

4. GFOI Country Information The top-5 cloudiest countries per 2012 Landsat historical data ...Ecuador, Colombia, Panama, Guyana, Peru

5. Landsat 7 Coverage in 20122013 Countries • Coverage is typically high for countries with high cloud cover (Colombia, Guyana, Peru, Ecuador) • Brazil and Nepal have high coverage, but lower cloud cover ? • Panama coverage seems low, considering higher cloud cover ?

6. Country-level Assessment of Scene Cloudiness – 2013 countries Ecuador, Guyana and Panama ...Very cloudy countries annually! Colombia and Costa Rica ... Very cloudy in summer months <5% of the acquired scenes in any category Landsat 7 acquisitions for 211 days (Jan 1 to July 31)Landsat 8 acquisitions for 111 days (Apr 11 to July 31)

7. Landsat 7 Coverage in 20122014 Countries • Coverage is high for countries in South America • Coverage lower for Africa, Central America, and Asia • Very low coverage in Vanuatu, but cloud cover is also very low (21% average).

8. Country-level Assessment of Scene Cloudiness – 2014 countries (part A) Gabon ... Very Cloudy annually! Bhutan ... Extremely Cloudy from Jun-Aug <5% of the acquired scenes in any category

9. Country-level Assessment of Scene Cloudiness – 2014 countries (part B) Papua New Guinea ... Very cloudy annually!Surinameand Solomon Islands ... Cloudy in Spring/Summer <5% of the acquired scenes in any category

10. Country Packages • Each country in attendance (Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico and Peru) will receive a detailed “country package”. We would like to do this for all 51 countries ... in time, if desired. • A meeting will be held on Friday morning to further explore the detailed country results and show the attendees how to use the COVE tool. • Country packages contain ... Forest cover information, monthly cloud cover, monthly rainfall, Landsat WRS-2 path-row range, detailed Landsat historical coverage by path-row, and analysis results.

11. Country Analyses Path-Row scenes for each country were evaluated based on defined criteria (table) in ascending order (1,2,3,4) to determine a recommendation for Landsat Data Acquisition Planning. 1. Acceptable: If the archive data had ONE clear-sky scene in 2012 or ONE clear-sky scene in 2013, the location is considered “acceptable” for GFOI and no changes are necessary for Landsat planning. 2. Increase LTAP (Landsat Long-Term Acquisition Plan): As these locations have not maximized the number of annual acquisitions, it is expected that increased acquisitions could yield at least ONE clear-sky scene per year, with reasonable (<60%) cloud cover. 3. Pixel Mining: These locations have a sufficient number (≥ 5 per year) of existing archived scenes with less than 60% cloud cover that could be used for pixel mining (i.e., WELD) to produce at least ONE or more clear-sky composited scenes. 4. Extreme Cloudiness: These locations do not have a sufficient number (≤ 4 per year) of existing archived scenes with less than 60% cloud cover for pixel mining. Due to persistent cloudiness, these locations should pursue alternative non-optical measurements for cloud penetration.

12. Guyana2012 Landsat Coverage Example Path/Row = 231/56 No cloud-free scenes in 2012 and all of 2013 for both missions ... Very cloudy! 8 scenes were acquired with <60% cloud cover in 2012 and the same is expected in 2013. This path-row region is recommended to use Pixel Mining to develop a cloud-free composite. Number of cloud-free Landsat 7 scenes (<10% cloudy) over country in 2012 GREEN = 1 or moreRED = NONE

13. GuyanaSummary • 16 total path/row locations • 6 locations are on border or coast edges and do not contain much country data. • Recommend 4 locations use Pixel Mining due to ≥5 scenes with less than 60% cloud cover expected. • Other 6 locations are ACCEPTABLE and have ≥1 clear-sky scene per year.

14. Colombia2012 Landsat Example Example Path/Row = 10/59(border of Colombia and Ecuador) No cloud-free scenes in 2012 and all of 2013 for both missions ... Very cloudy! Only 4 scenes were acquired with <60% cloud cover in 2012 and 4 scenes in 2013-L7. None for L8. This region has Extreme Cloudiness and it is recommended that other measurements are considered (i.e., SAR) or investigate Pixel Mining with limited images. Number of cloud-free Landsat 7 scenes (<10% cloudy) over country in 2012 GREEN = 1 or moreRED = NONE

15. ColombiaSummary • 63 total path/row locations • 14 locations are on border or coastal edges and do not contain much country data. • Recommend 18 locations use Pixel Mining due to ≥5 scenes with less than 60% cloud cover expected. • Recommend 1 location consider SAR or Pixel Mining due to only 4 scenes at <60% cloud cover and EXTREME CLOUDINESS. • Other 30 locations are ACCEPTABLE and have ≥1 clear-sky scene per year.

16. Ecuador2012 Landsat Coverage Example Case Path=10, Row=61Area of dense inland forest No cloud-free scenes in 2012 and all of 2013 for both missions. Only 3 scenes were acquired with Landsat 7 in 1.5 years with <60% cloud cover. Only 1 scene acquired by Landsat 8 with <60% cloud cover. This region has Extreme Cloudiness so it may be considered for SAR imaging or PIxel Mining. Number of cloud-free Landsat 7 scenes (<10% cloudy) over country in 2012 GREEN = 1 or moreRED = NONE

17. EcuadorSummary • 17 total path/row locations • 5 locations are on border or coastal edges and do not contain much country data. • Recommend 2 locations use Pixel Mining due to ≥5 scenes with less than 60% cloud cover expected. • Recommend 5 locations consider SAR or Pixel Mining due to limited scenes at <60% cloud cover and EXTREME CLOUDINESS. • Other 5 locations are ACCEPTABLE and have ≥1 clear-sky scene per year.

18. Mexico, Peru and HondurasYour situation is much better!!! Mexico: All 126 locations are acceptable with at least ONE clear-sky scene. 2012 L7 summary 73 126 Mexico Peru Honduras: All 12 locations are acceptable with at least ONE clear-sky scene. 2012 L7 summary 2012 L7 summary 12 Peru: 16 locations are on borders or coastlines with little forest area; 7 locations recommended for Pixel Mining; 50 acceptable locations Honduras

19. CEOS Visualization Environment (COVE) www.ceos-cove.org • Browser-based tool using Google-Earth to display satellite coverage swaths and calculate coincidence scene locations. • Automated daily satellite position data from CelesTrak. • Saved bookmarks and states, Google-Earth KML and Shapefile compatibility, collaborative sessions. • Output: position, UTC time, viewing angles, solar angles, day/night, and EXCEL tables • Large mission database: 127 missions, 265 Mission-Instrument combinations Did you know ....There are 1046 Earth orbiting missionsThere are 107 active CEOS missions

20. New Features in COVE • Landsat 7 and Landsat 8 Actual Acquisitions. Clicking on any actual scene retrieves the browse image. • 2D global output in JPEG format. • Export screen contents to KML for viewing in Google Earth or sending to others. • Overlays ... GlobCover, MODIS Land Cover Classification (LCC), Cloud Cover (global monthly statistics), Precipitation (global monthly statistics). • Conversion to Spanish. Landsat 8, Aug 1-3, over EuropeGreen (potential), Red (actual)Browse ... over northern Italy on Aug 3 2D global map of Radarsat-2 (W3 mode) coverage on Aug 1

21. Future COVE Applications Coverage Analyzer to support SDCGJune 1-17, 2013 – Landsat 7 (left), Landsat 8 (right) Oil Spill DisastersPartnering with the American Petroleum Institute (API) Landsat 7 and 8 Kiosk (USGS approval expected soon ...) Volcanic Ash Disasters

22. COVE Demo over Ecuador • Region (Ecaudor country overlay) • L8 past coverage – 8/20 to 8/27 (GREEN)Browse image, 8/24, 54% cloudy, Scene 10/60 • L8 future coverage - 9/4 to 9/11 (next 7 days) • Data Overlays (GlobCover, MODIS LCC, Clouds) • KML inputs (results from recent analysis) ... Landsat-8 in 2013 (111 days, sub 10%) • Radarsat-2 with W3 mode ...Figure on RIGHT in RED Region Path 10, Row 60RAT tool for next 30 daysResults = 6 passes(only 2 are very good)

23. Backup Charts

24. Multi-Mission Revisit Performance L7 and L8 = Landsat 7 and Landsat 8S2A and S2B = Sentinel-2A and Sentinel-2B R2 = ResourseSat2 * Results are over Argentina, but variations are small in others areas of the globe (-40 to +40 latitude)

25. Landsat 7 and 8 CoverageJune 1-17, 2013 (16 day cycle) Africa

26. Landsat 7 and 8 CoverageJune 1-17, 2013 (16 day cycle) South America