Speaker: K. P. Cheung, Associate Professor, Department of Architecture, HKU

1. THE S3P2E4R4 SUSTAINABLE BIREATH APPROACH: Building Integrated Renewable Energies and resources, optimized AIR quality- Total Harvest APPROACH for buildings, communities, cities Speaker: K. P. Cheung, Associate Professor, Department of Architecture, HKU http://www.arch.hku.hk/~kpcheung/index.html Research team: Cheung, K. P. Luk, C. L. Wong, S. T. Hui, Sam C. M. Chung, S. L. Fung, K. S. Leung, M. F.

2. The SustainableS3P2E4R4 BIREATHApproach BIREATH Building Integrated Renewable resources and Energy, optimized Air quality, Total Harvest S3 Environmental and ecological sustainability Economical sustainability Cultural sustainability P2 PollutionPrevention E4 EnergyEfficient Water Efficient Material Efficient Land Efficient R4 ReduceReuseRecycleRecover [or Regenerate]

3. The SustainableS3P2E4R4 BIREATH/ CIREATH/ UIREATHApproach BIREATH Building Integrated Renewable resources and Energy, optimized Air quality, Total Harvest CIREATH City Integrated Renewable resources and Energy, optimized Air quality, Total Harvest UIREATH Urban Integrated Renewable resources and Energy, optimized Air quality, Total Harvest Priority: Safety, Health,Sustainability, Comfort – an obligation to take a positive response to climatic change as a directive for human activities including building design, city design, urban design, village design, etc.. – the Sustainable S3P2E4R4 BIREATH approach to building design matches this directive

4. Application of the SustainableS3P2E4R4 BIREATH Approach in building design in enhancing an existing high-rise residential unit in HK Aims at: - significantly reducing consumption of operating energy and water - harvesting as much solar & wind energy as possible - for providing food, hot water & optimized air quality for the residents Basic data of the residential unit: - generally North facing - approx. 11 sq.m. UFA + 14 sq.m. flat roof area - location: Sai Ying Pun (NW part of HK Island)

5. Application of the SustainableS3P2E4R4 BIREATH Approach in building design in enhancing an existing high-rise residential unit in HK

6. Application of the SustainableS3P2E4R4 BIREATH Approach in building design in enhancing an existing high-rise residential unit in HK original condition 21/F 20/F 20/F plan

7. Application of the SustainableS3P2E4R4 BIREATH Approach in building design in enhancing an existing high-rise residential unit in HK intended use - a studio flat - an experimental & demonstration flat for investigating the principles & application of the Sustainable S3P2E4R4 BIREATH Approach 300mm raised floor modules Modular wooden raised floor deck panels 20/F plan 21/F plan

8. Application of the SustainableS3P2E4R4 BIREATH Approach in building design in enhancing an existing high-rise residential unit in HK • Harvesting solar energy by: • solar hot water panel / solar PV panel, small wind turbine, big Fresnel lens of 1.2m • diameter for solar oven • 2 layers of green plants at flat roof / balcony: • i. top layer - fast organic growing of • food plants e.g. melons & fast • growing vegetables in hot summer for • food, which will reduce transportation of • food & farmland demand • ii. lower layer of grass - grows well in • less sunshine, to harvest residual • sunshine & daylight a b b

9. Application of the SustainableS3P2E2R4 BIREATH Approach in building design in enhancing an existing high-rise residential unit in HK • Harvesting solar energy by: • growing of plants of herbal & health value for improving AIR quality, so that closing up • the façade & operating the A/C, rejecting the optimized AIR quality, will surely be a regretful loss. • performing TOTAL HARVEST of solar energy by maximizing the surface areas of the façade for growing plants, & intake of daylight by increasing glazed surface & skylight, yet without overheating the interior. • solar air chimney • sunlight reflecting system by ventilation tube • [ Converting CO2 into solid C stored inside food ] d c e/f

10. Application of the SustainableS3P2E4R4 BIREATH Approach in building design in enhancing an existing high-rise residential unit in HK • Harvesting wind energy by: • enlarging the openable areas of the façade, and adding a skylight, which will allow a staircase to connect the studio flat & the roof above. • providing “true cross ventilation” i.e. each room will have 2 air passages independently connected to outside surface of the flat • c. wind turbine • [ No A/C will be required • - electrical fans to be provided ] a a b

11. Application of the SustainableS3P2E4R4 BIREATH Approach in building design in enhancing an existing high-rise residential unit in HK • P2Pollution Prevention: • Gas supply is terminated – no local emission of pollution of combustion gases • E4 1. Energy Efficiency – and to REDUCE energy use • No A/C will be required – electrical fans will be provided • b. Heat pump is used for hot water generation if solar hot water is not sufficient, • especially in winter days when the roof cannot receive sunshine. Cold air from heat • pump will give spot cooling to people. • Light emitting diodes will be used for illumination as far as practicable • d. Use of energy efficient electrical appliances such as electrical induction cookers

12. Application of the SustainableS3P2E4R4 BIREATH Approach in building design in enhancing an existing high-rise residential unit in HK • E4 2. Water Efficiency – and to REDUCE water and energy use • Grey water for watering plants, biodegradable soap used • Rain water is collected for cleansing and watering plants • E4 3. Material Efficiency – cost effective and reusable, multi-purpose components to be used in renovation • E4 4. Land Efficiency – The roof will form part of the lower floor after renovation, regenerating the roof for more frequent use, achieving land efficiency • RECOVER of space in the flat by installing a raised floor with the floor void for storage & for ventilation & installation of building services

13. Application of the SustainableS3P2E4R4 BIREATH Approach in building design in enhancing an existing high-rise residential unit in HK • Other features: • Harvesting rain by collecting rain for growing plants • Flexible interior spatial organization, allowing good day light transmission as desirable & true cross ventilation • c. RECYCLE - collection of grey water for growing plants (subject to filtering) & flushing toilet a a Reasonable initial & running cost, certainly good for living with environmental contribution, hence S3 - Environmental & ecological, Economical, Cultural Sustainability

14. To achieve an energy-efficient , cost-effective attainment of excellent performance-based Indoor Air Quality, we need to know these data around the building envelope: • -Ambient Air Quality [AAQ] surrounding our buildings at strategic points, measured at air inlet chamber • Velocity at top of building above the eddy air zone • Pressures on outside of air inlet and exhaust louvres • -Temperature and humidity of air at inlet • Indoor Air Quality of exhaust air at exhaust louvres, including temperature and humidity • - Wind and air velocity at other openings such ground level opened doors • We need to take the advantage of air quality at certain hours of the day, and wind direction for good air quality. We also need to use wind energy to help intake and exhaust air, for attaining energy efficient ventilation and air conditioning. a a

15. To achieve an energy-efficient , cost-effective attainment of excellent performance-based Indoor Air Quality, we need to know these data at strategic locations inside the building : • -IAQ Profile • -air pressure values at desirable durations • -air velocity at desirable durations • -air flow rates at desirable durations • The data of ambient air quality and wind, temperature, and humidity will be supplied to the computerized building air conditioning and energy control system to control and adjust the equipment and systems to attain the desired indoor air quality and temperature and humidity control with the least possible amount of energy. a a

16. The wind/temperature/humidity measuring equipment is installed locally at the top of the site to obtain data for analysis and controlling of HVAC and energy systems in buildings. a a

17. Wind speed obtained locally at the top of the site to obtain data for analysis and controlling of HVAC and energy systems in buildings. a a

18. Wind – its horizontal angles obtained locally at the top of the site to obtain data for analysis and controlling of HVAC and energy systems in buildings. a a

19. Wind – its vertical angles obtained locally at the top of the site to obtain data for analysis and controlling of HVAC and energy systems in buildings. a a

20. Continuous IAQ monitors that are capable of measuring several IAQ parameters simultaneously Can show precise changes in air quality in several locations Under the control of a single PC Specialist software that enables end-user to schedule monitoring, set alarm levels and generate graphs and reports from stored data Real-time Multipoint IAQ Monitoring systems

21. pplication of the SustainableS3P2E4R4 BIREATH Approach in building design in enhancing an existing high-rise residential unit in HK • Other features: • Harvesting rain by collecting rain for growing plants • Flexible interior spatial organization, allowing good day light transmission as desirable & true cross ventilation • c. RECYCLE - collection of grey water for growing plants (subject to filtering) & flushing toilet a a

22. The equipment to continuously monitor IAQ and AAQ, and to feed signals to computer for controlling components for achieving optimized IAQ with the best energy efficient approach Thank you Cheung, K. P. Luk, C. L. Wong, S. T. Hui, Sam C. M. Chung, S. L. Fung, K. S. Leung, M. F.

23. THE S3P2E4R4 SUSTAINABLE BIREATH APPROACH: Building Integrated Renewable Energies and resources, optimized AIR quality- Total Harvest APPROACH for buildings, communities, cities Thank you very much Speaker: K. P. Cheung, Associate Professor, Department of Architecture, HKU http://www.arch.hku.hk/~kpcheung/index.html Research team: Cheung, K. P. Luk, C. L. Wong, S. T. Hui, Sam C. M. Chung, S. L. Fung, K. S. Leung, M. F.