Reproduction

1. Reproduction Schmit

2. REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT IN PLANTS Asexual reproduction: - Plants being remade without sex cells (egg or sperm/pollen)

3. Examples of asexual reproduction: A. tip and stem layering – stem comes in contact with ground and develops roots. (Ex. Raspberry bushes)

4. B. cuttings – stem/leaves placed in water; start to develop roots

5. C. Grafting – take a twig from one plant and attach to stem of another

6. D. budding – attach the end • bud from one plant and • attach it to another

7. E. runners – stems that extend along ground and then “plant themselves” in the ground (ex. Strawberries)

8. F. bulb and corm duplication – onions, daffodils, tulips. Flower is at center.

9. G. Rhizome – horizontal stem growing below ground (ex. Grass)

10. H. Tuber – “eyes” are modified rhizomes that will develop into plants (ex. Potato)

11. SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS Types: Gymnosperms – cone producing Angiosperms – flower producing Monocot Dicot One cotyledon two cotyledons Fibrous root tap root Parallel veins branched veins Petals in 3’s petals in 4’s or 5’s

12. a.Flower parts i.Sepal (all = calyx) Green – leaf like.Protect flower prior to opening ii.Petals (all = corolla)Protect reproductive parts.Attract pollinators

14. iii. Stamen (♂ male parts) 1.pollencontains sperm 2.antherproduces pollen 3.filamentholds anther up to aid in pollination

15. Pollen

16. iv. Pistil (♀ female parts) 1.stigmapollen sticks to it. 2.stylesupports stigmaaids pollination 3.ovarycreates eggs, becomes fruit 4.Ovules – turn into seeds if fertilized 5.  ReceptaclePoint where flower joins stem

18. Variations existing in flowers i.PerfectBoth male and female parts ii.ImperfectMale or Female parts

19. Mini Quiz 1 3 2 4 pistil 7 5 6 8

20. c. Pollination a.Pollination – pollen is transferred from an anther to a stigma i.Self-pollinationuses own pollen ii.Cross-pollinationpollen from a different plant

21. Self Pollination Cross Pollination

22. d. Fertilization = union of egg and sperm i.Pollen lands on stigma ii.pollen tube grows into an ovule iii.sperm is delivered to an egg Pollination Fertilization

23. Pollinators 1.Insects 2.Rain 3. Wind

26. e. Flower  Fruit i.ovary ripens into a fruit ii.fruits are filled with seeds

28. MINI QUIZ: Label this flower diagram from memory 2 6 7 3 8 4 9 10

29. Seeds • An embryo plant provided with a food supply and a protective coat

30. Function of Seed Parts testa - protective covering cotyledon – stores food radicle – tip of embryonic root epicotyl – embryonic stem/leaves hypocotyl – embryonic root Hilum – belly button, where egg attached to mom Micropyle – pore where pollen tube connected to egg for sperm entry

31. Germination - The development of a seed into a plant Germination requirements a. water b. oxygen c. temperature

32. Various Methods of Seed Dispersal i.Wind, ex. Maple seeds ii.Animal (sticky), ex. burrs iii.Mechanical, pop out, beans iv.Water, coconut v.Birds, ex. MulberrySome seeds must pass through a bird or will not germinate

33. What processes must occur? • 1. osmosis • 2. fertilization • 3. germination • 4. photosynthesis • 5. respiration • 6. transpiration • 7. growth • 8. pollination • 9. mitosis • 10. meiosis

34. IV. Life Spans of plants a.Annual – only one year i.Ex. Beans, marigolds, etc. b.Biennial – two years, first grow a deep roots, then grow a big top i.Ex. Beet, carrot