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E RA OF G OOD F EELINGS ? : Nationalism & Sectionalism after the War of 1812

E RA OF G OOD F EELINGS ? : Nationalism & Sectionalism after the War of 1812. Results of the War of 1812. Draw militarily Small war and insignificant in military terms. Important consequences for the U.S.: Winners: War Hawks ; Republicans, Andrew Jackson Losers: Indians, Federalists

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E RA OF G OOD F EELINGS ? : Nationalism & Sectionalism after the War of 1812

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  1. ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS?:Nationalism & Sectionalism after the War of 1812

  2. Results of the War of 1812 • Draw militarily • Small war and insignificant in military terms. • Important consequences for the U.S.: • Winners: War Hawks; Republicans, Andrew Jackson • Losers: Indians, Federalists • New spirit of nationalism • Paranoia about Britain died away(“Second War for Independence”) • Rush-Bagot Agreement & Convention of 1818 • No U.S. involvement with Europe for 100 years. • America looks inward

  3. Guiding Question Historians have traditionally labeled the period after the War of 1812 (1815-1825) the “Era of Good Feelings.” How accurate was this label, considering the emergence of nationalism and sectionalism during the period?

  4. Presidential Election of 1816

  5. Politics: “ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS” • “Era of Good Feelings” • James Monroe - President (1817-1825) • Federarlist Party is no more. • Victories in the War of 1812 • Westward expansion and optimism about the future. President James Monroe

  6. A National Culture Emerges • Nationalism : Rising sense of Pride in the U.S. • American Authors: James Fenimore Cooper- “Last of the Mohicans” • Washington Irving- “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”

  7. 1820 Presidential Election

  8. ECONOMIC & DEMOGRAPHIC EXPANSION • Great Migration Westward • Old Northwest • Old Southwest Spread of Settlement: Westward Surge, 1800–1820 Concentration of Slavery, 1820

  9. ECONOMIC & DEMOGRAPHIC EXPANSION • “internal improvements” • Henry Clay – “American System” • Tariff of 1816 – 1st protective Tariff 20-25% • Second Bank of the U. S.- Much like the 1st Bank but 3 and a half times bigger. • Internal Improvements paid for by the Fed.Government. Lancaster Turnpike (1793) Erie Canal (1817) National Road: 1st National Road • To Connect East to West (1811) • SECTIONAL IMPLICATIONS? • WEST  got roads, canals, and federal aid • EAST  protective tariffs (w/ support from the West) • SOUTH  ?? Major Migration Routes, 1800–1820

  10. ECONOMIC & DEMOGRAPHIC EXPANSION • Panic of 1819 • boom & bust cycles • About every 20 yrs. in 19th C. • Causes of the Panic • Deflation – falling crop prices • Esp. cotton: British demand drops - find cheaper sources • Competition from Europe increases - end of Napoleanic Wars • Overspeculation on land – easy credit from banks • Western farmers unable to pay loans • Trade deficit – drained U.S. of specie • Bank of the U.S. tightens credit • Tougher loan requirements, requires specie from state banks Who/What is blamed?

  11. MISSOURI • Missouri statehood controversy (1819) • Missouri petitions for statehood as a slave state. • Up to this point there are 11 free and 11 slave states. • Missouri Compromise (1820) • Maine becomes a free state, Missouri a slave state. • 36’30” line set up in West to determine Slavery for future states.

  12. MISSOURI COMPROMISE REACTIONS • “like a fire-bell in the night . . . the [death] knell of the Union”- Thomas Jefferson • “the title page to a great tragic volume” – J. Adams

  13. THE SUPREME COURT & NATIONALISM • Marbury v. Madison(1803) • judicial review • McCulloch v. Maryland(1819) • Overturns Maryland’s attempt to destroy Bank of US • Gibbons v. Ogden(1824) New York tries to regulate river traffic. “Steamboat Case” • Congress alone has the right to regulate interstate commerce. Old Supreme Court Chamber

  14. NATIONALISM IN FOREIGN AFFAIRS • Florida (1819)

  15. NATIONALISM IN FOREIGN AFFAIRS • Adams-Onís Treaty of 1819( Transcontinental Treaty) • Spain Cedes Florida to the US as well as claims to Oregon. • US abandons claims to Texas

  16. North America in 1824

  17. NATIONALISM IN FOREIGN AFFAIRS The Monroe Doctrine (1823) • The US to declare the Americas off-limits to Europe. • A continuation of the neutrality and isolationist policies established by Washington. US will protect the Americas---new countries which formed in Central and South America No European Colonization in the Americas US will recognize existing European Colonies US will not meddle in European affairs Monroe Doctrine

  18. END OF THE “ERA” • Election of 1824 - Era Breaks Down • electoral changes - elections based much more on popular support • “Corrupt Bargain” (according to whom???)

  19. Election of 1824: A “Corrupt Bargain”?

  20. John Quincy Adams • President, 1825-1829 John Quincy Adams (Library of Congress)

  21. The Election of 1828 Andrew Jackson (Library of Congress)

  22. Review of Presidents • George Washington (1789-1797) no party Virginia • John Adams (1797-1801) Federalist Mass. • Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809) Republican Virginia • James Madison (1809-1817) Republican Virginia • James Monroe (1817-1825) Republican Virginia • John Quincy Adams (1825-1829) Republican Mass. • Andrew Jackson (1829-1837) Democrat Tenn.

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