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Antebellum Nationalism

Antebellum Nationalism. Circa 1812-1850 Introduction and Overview. Topics. Results of The War of 1812 Early Industrialization Advances in Transportation Monroe and The Era of Good Feeling The American System Missouri Compromise Election of 1824 Reform Movements

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Antebellum Nationalism

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  1. Antebellum Nationalism Circa 1812-1850 Introduction and Overview

  2. Topics • Results of The War of 1812 • Early Industrialization • Advances in Transportation • Monroe and The Era of Good Feeling • The American System • Missouri Compromise • Election of 1824 • Reform Movements • Republican Motherhood & Cult of Domesticity • Democracy in the Age of Jackson

  3. Jackson • The man • The myth • The marriage • His presidency • The New American • The Bank • The Nullification Crisis • Indian Policy • Cabinet & Women (“Petticoat Affair”)

  4. The Industrial Movement • Inventions • First Industrial Revolution • Eli Whitney—interchangeable parts • Eli Whitney—cotton gin • Steam ship • Railroad • Cities • Immigrants

  5. Social Movementsand Reform • Transcendentalists • Education • Health care issues • Women • Religion • Immigrants • Anti-Immigration • Temperance

  6. Slavery and Abolitionism • Cotton Gin • The New South • South Carolina • Slave laws • Quaker efforts • Abolitionist efforts

  7. Manifest Destiny • Texas Revolution • Texas—Republic 1836 • Texas—Statehood 1845 • Mexican War 1846-1848 • New western lands • Gold Rush 1849 • Exploration and settlement

  8. A New American Voice • Songs • Poetry • Novels • Art • Essays

  9. Names to Know • President Monroe • President John Quincy Adams • Henry Clay • John C. Calhoun • Webster Boys • Andrew Jackson • Cherokees • Inventors, authors, • thinkers, reformers, • doers

  10. Nationalism--Conclusions • What defines us as Americans? • How does the election of Jackson lead to a new idea of democracy, populism and democratic leadership? • How did Native American issues affect future growth of the U.S.? • How and why did slavery spread? • Who has more power? States or Federal government? • How could America be better for the average person? • How did technology affect the growth of this nation? • How does manifest destiny shape an American character?

  11. Monroe1817-1825 The Last of the Virginia Dynasty

  12. I. Era of Good Feeling • One political party—Dem-Rep. • Nationalism • Florida acquired by Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819 • Missouri Compromise—1820—kept slave state/free state question at bay • Rush-Bagot Treaty—established Canadian Border

  13. American System • Henry Clay of Kentucky • Built roads, turnpikes, canals, bridges (infrastructure) • Began laying RR tracks • Subsidies from the government • Advances in transportation—clipper ship, RR, steamboat

  14. Erie Canal— Steamship—Voyage from U.S. to England reduced from 3 months to 2 weeks

  15. Protective Tariffs • 1819—Financial Panic • Sectionalism—North vs. South vs. West (Senators Webster , Calhoun, and Clay)

  16. II. Monroe Doctrine • Purpose: defense against European Empires • Major ideas: no colonization in Latin America, no European interference, No American interference in established European colonies • Results: British support, European respect (?), legacy of isolationism

  17. Historiography Assignment • 1. Define historiography • 2. Learn an interesting fact about a President of the United States or a candidate for President of the United States. • 3. Be able to cite your source.

  18. The Age of JacksonHW on next slide • See class notes on handout and power point on Jacksonian Democracy • “Tell… the Nullifiers for me that they can talk and write resolutions and print threats to their heart’s content. But if one drop of blood be shed in defiance of the laws of the United States, I will hang the first man of them I can get my hands on to the first tree I can find.” • “The Union must and shall be preserved.”

  19. Manifest Destiny The Westward Movement

  20. I. Election of 1844 James K. Polk and expansionists Conflicts and Questions

  21. II. Texas Independence, 1836 Statehood, 1845 (Sam Houston)

  22. III. Oregon Territory“Fifty-four Forty or Fight”Oregon Trail established

  23. IV. War With Mexico, 1846-48 • Causes: American property in Mexico, Mexico still claimed Texas, boundary disputes • Opposition by Thoreau, Webster, Lincoln • Battles of Buena Vista & Vera Cruz • American occupation of California, New Mexico, South Texas, and Mexico City

  24. V. Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo • Texas boundary • Mexican Cession ($15 million for NM, CA, Col, Nev, Utah, Wy) (War was first to use light artillery, photography, and telegraph)

  25. VI. Gadsden Purchase, 1853 • Established southern boundary with Mexico

  26. VII. Gold Rush, 1849 • Sutter’s Mill—Sacramento, California

  27. VIII. Utah • Brigham Young and Mormons

  28. IX. Issues of the West • Native Americans

  29. Expansion of slavery into western territories?

  30. Social Movements—1812-1860 • Second Great Awakening Read, note • Public Education and present • Prison and Sanitarium Reform to class on • Utopian Communities Wed. as a • Liberia small group. • Seneca Falls Refer to • Mormons textbook, • Transcendentalists or other • Temperance Society valid source • Child Labor --provide • Nativists website if • Lowell System used. • Stephen Foster & Am. Music • Abolitionist Societies .

  31. The Amistad Case • In 1839, there was a rebellion of slaves captured from Africa on the Spanish ship, Amistad. • These slaves overtook the ship and killed several Spanish sailors. • An American ship later captured Amistad and brought it to New London, Connecticut with around fifty African men and women.

  32. There was a trial to determine if the “property” of Spain should be returned or if these people should be returned to their home of origin. • After the court decided in favor of the rebels, President Martin Van Buren, concerned with Southern anxieties over the decision, appealed the case to the Supreme Court. Out of nine justices, seven were Southern slave holders.

  33. The abolitionist sponsors of the first case appealed to Congressman and Former President John Quincy Adams to speak for the Amistad captives. • View and listen to the film segment and focus on the argument of the defense and the final decision of the highest United States Court. • How did Adams use history for his side?

  34. “Who we are is who we were.” J.Q. Adams

  35. Supreme Court • Marshall Court, 1801-1835—led by Chief Justice John Marshall (remember Marbury v. Madison) • Focused on a strong central government • Promoted business • Upheld supremacy of federal legislation over state legislation

  36. Cases • Dartmouth College v. Woodward, 1819—protected contracts from state law • Worcester v. Georgia, 1831—upheld rights of Cherokees in Georgia—led to Jackson’s Indian Removal Act and Trail of Tears

  37. The Arts • The Liberator, 1831 (Garrison’s abolitionist newspaper) • Democracy in America, 1835 (Alexis De Tocqueville’s work on American individualism) • The Hudson River School, mid 1800s (group of artists led by Thomas Cole—America’s beauty through landscapes—1st American school of art) • McGuffey Readers, 1836 (reading instruction book—poems, stories, essays with patriotic themes promoting moral values) • “Civil Disobedience”, 1849 (Thoreau’s essay opposing Mexican War and injustice)

  38. Fiction (on APUSH exam) • The Scarlet Letter, 1850 --Hawthorne’s novel on legacy of Puritanism • Leaves of Grass, 1855 --Walt Whitman’s poems glorifying nature over reason • Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 1852—Stowe’s anti-slavery novel • Walden, 1854—Thoreau’s transcendentalist novel about life in nature

  39. American Renaissance c. 1840-65(“Birth of American Culture”) • Characteristics—national awareness, romanticism, idealization of nature, good of mankind (reform), democracy, patriotism • Major authors—Poe, Emerson Thoreau, Hawthorne, Melville, Whitman, Longfellow, Emily Dickinson, Margaret Fuller (transcendentalist journal editor) • “Who we are, is who we were.” J.Q. Adams

  40. Elements of Romanticsm • Emotional and exaggerated story-telling—often dark and scary • Literature, music and art • Examples: Washington Irving’s Legend of Sleepy Hollow, Hawthorne’s House of Seven Gables, anything by Poe, Melville’s Moby Dick • This style coincided with a growth of spiritualism—an interest in contacting “the other side”—followed in Europe and America (Mary Todd Lincoln)

  41. Annabel Lee E.A. Poe It was many and many a year ago,In a kingdom by the sea,That a maiden there lived whom you may knowBy the name of Annabel Lee;And this maiden she lived with no other thoughtThan to love and be loved by me.I was a child and she was a child,In this kingdom by the sea:But we loved with a love that was more than love - I and my Annabel Lee;With a love that the winged seraphs of heavenCoveted her and me.And this was the reason that, long ago,In this kingdom by the sea,A wind blew out of a cloud, chillingMy beautiful Annabel Lee;So that her high-born kinsmen cameAnd bore her away from me,To shut her up in a sepulchreIn this kingdom by the sea.

  42. The angels, not half so happy in heaven,Went envying her and me - Yes! that was the reason (as all men know,In this kingdom by the sea)That the wind came out of the cloud one night,Chilling and killing my Annabel Lee.But our love it was stronger by far than the loveOf those who were older than we - Of many far wiser than we - And neither the angels in heaven above,Nor the demons down under the sea,Can ever dissever my soul from the soulOf the beautiful Annabel Lee;For the moon never beams without bringing me dreamsOf the beautiful Annabel Lee;And the stars never rise but I feel the bright eyesOf the beautiful Annabel Lee;And so, all the night-tide, I lie down by the sideOf my darling -my darling -my life and my bride,In the sepulchre there by the sea - In her tomb by the sounding sea.

  43. APUSH Nationalism Terms • Henry Clay • Jackson • Calhoun • Websters • Herman Melville • Oregon • Know-Nothings • Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo • Seneca Falls • Polk • Transcendentalism • Monroe Doctrine • Harrison • Mormons • Railroad • Erie Canal • Cotton gin • Kitchen cabinet • Spoils system • Abolitionists • Immigrants • Steamship • Veto • Whigs • Clipper • Manifest Destiny • Temperance

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