The Bible, From God or Man? John Oakes Churgdu Church of Christ Campus Ministry 3/1/2012

1. The Bible, From God or Man? John Oakes Churgdu Church of Christ Campus Ministry 3/1/2012

2. A Typical Attitude We Hear: Delos B. McKown: “Christianity is scientifically unsupported and probably insupportable, philosophically suspect at best and disreputable at worst, and historically fraudulent.” “基督教是沒有科學的根據，在哲學上是被受質疑的，名譽是不好的與及有歷史欺詐的成份。”

3. Proposition #1 論點一 • The Bible is scientifically unsupported and probably insupportible 基督教是沒有科學的根據

4. Papyrus Ebers埃伯斯紙草文稿

5. The Ebers Papyrus 埃伯斯紙草文稿: “To prevent hair from turning gray, anoint it with the blood of a calf which has been boiled in oil or with the fat of a rattlesnake.” 要防止頭髮變白，需要塗一些小牛 的血，而那些血是要加在油及響尾蛇的脂肪中煮沸的。 “A mixture of six fats, namely those of the horse, the hippopotamus, the crocodile, the cat, the snake and the ibex.... to prevent hair loss.” 要混合六種脂肪：馬、河馬、鱷魚 、貓、蛇及野山羊…..來防止失掉頭髮

6. Drugs of Choice included 藥物選擇包括: • Lizards blood 蜥蜴血 • Swine’s teeth 豬牙 • Putrid meat 腐爛的肉 • Moisture from Pigs’ ears 豬耳的水分 • Excreta from animals including human beings, donkeys, antelope, dogs, cats and flies 動物的排泄物包括人、驢 、羚羊 、狗、貓及蒼蠅

7. “I will not bring on you any of these diseases...” Exodus 15:26 “ 我 就 不 將 所 加 與 埃 及 人 的 疾 病 加 在 你 身 上……” 出埃及記 15:26 “The pig... is unclean for you...those that walk on their paws...the weasel, the rat...are unclean for you.” Leviticus 11 “豬 … 就 與 你 們 不 潔 淨 … 用 掌 行 走 的 …鼬 鼠 、 鼫 鼠… 是 與 你 們 不 潔 淨 。”利未記 11

8. “The sting of a hornet is healed by the house-fly, crushed and applied to the wound.” “被大黃蜂刺傷了，是用壓碎的蒼蠅塗在傷口上。” “The gnat, feeble creature, taking in food but never secreting it is a specific against the poison of the viper.” “蚊子，微弱的生物，進食但不會排泄的能夠醫治毒蛇的毒。” An ancient Hebrew medical manuscript. 古代的希伯來醫藥手抄本

9. “Whoever touches the dead body of anyone will be unclean for seven days. He must purify himself with the water on the third and seventh day...take some hyssop, dip it in the water and sprinkle the tent and furnishings and the people who were there.” Numbers 19 “ 摸 了 人 死 屍 的 、 就 必 七 天 不 潔 淨 。 那 人 到 第 三 天 、 要 用 這 除 污 穢 的 水 潔 淨 自 己 、 第 七 天 就 潔 淨 了 ……拿 牛 膝 草 蘸 在 這 水 中 、 把 水 灑 在 帳 棚 上 、 和 一 切 器 皿 、 並 帳 棚 內 的 眾 人 身 上 …” 民數記 19

10. Semelweiss

11. Vienna 維也納, 1847 • In maternity wards one out of every six women dies. 在產科病房，六個婦女就有一個會死亡。 • Obstetricians ascribe deaths to constipation, fear and poisonous air. 產科醫師歸咎死因為便秘 、恐懼及有毒的空氣

12. Death Rate falls from 18% to 1% 死亡率有18%降至1%

13. Thymol (Oil of Hyssop)百里香酚

14. “For the generations to come, every male among you who is eight days old must be circumcised...” Genesis 17:12 你 們 世 世 代 代 的 男 子 、 無 論 是 家 裡 生 的 、 是 在 你 後 裔 之 外 用 銀 子 從 外 人 買 的 、 生 下 來 第 八 日 、 都 要 受 割 禮 。創世紀17:12 Vitamin K 維他命K Prothrombrin: a clotting protein. 凝血脢原：一種使血凝結的蛋白質

15. Clotting Protein Peaks on Day Eight 凝血脢原的數量在第八天是最高的 Available Prothrombin

16. Abraham’sExperiment　亞伯拉罕的實驗

17. Proposition #1 論點一 • The Bible is scientifically unsupported and probably insupportable 基督教是沒有科學的根據 • Genesis 1, Hebrews 11:3 創世紀 1, 希伯來書11:3 • Response: Oh really… 回應：真是嗎…

18. Proposition #2 論點二 • “Christianity is philosophically suspect at best”基督教在哲理上需要被懷疑的 Delos McKown Socrates

19. Naturalism/Scientism/Materialism自然主義 /科學至上主義 / 物質主義 The belief that the only reliable or valid instrument to deciding the truth or even the value of any proposition is the scientific method. 相信只有科學方法才能得出可靠的真理及其推論的價值 No basis for ethics or morality, no supernatural, no God, no truth (except that found by science), no consciousness, no “I.” Justice is a figment of our imagination. 沒有倫理及道德的準則，沒有超自然，沒有神，沒有真理（除了科學能證明的），沒有良知，沒有“自己”，公義是人想像出來虛構的事

20. Materialism物質主義 • “We exist as material beings in a material world, all of whose phenomena are the consequences of material relations among material entities.” In a word, the public needs to accept materialism, which means that they must put God in the trash can of history where such myths belong.”我們是在物質世界中存在的物質個體，所有的現象都是不同物質實體互動之後的結果。簡單而論，大眾需要接受物質主義，亦代表人需要將神放到那些遠古神話的垃圾筒中。 Richard Lewontin Retrospective essay on Carl Sagan in the January 9, 1997 New York Review of Books,

21. Postmodernism: The Loss of Truth後現代主義：失去真理 • Truth, if such a thing exists, is the property of culture. There is no absolute truth. All truth is relative. It is created by societies. There is no ultimate moral authority or moral absolute. 真理，如果真的存在，是文化的產物。沒有絕對的真理，所有的真理是相對的，是社會製造出來的。世上是沒有最終的，絕對的道德權威

22. A Response to Naturalism/Materialism/Scientism 回應自然主義 /科學至上主義 / 物質主義 • It is a faith/religious belief based on circular reasoning. 這時根據循環論證的一套想法 • It cannot answer the questions human beings care about. 他們不能解答人類關心的問題 • It is patently and demonstrably false. 他們是公然及可論證地錯的 • Does accepting naturalism make us better? 接受自然主義會令人進步嗎？

23. Questions Science Can Answer科學能解答的問題 • When? 何時？ • What? 甚麼？ • Where? 在那裡？ • How many? 有多少？ • By what means? 透過甚麼方法？

24. Questions Science Cannot Answer:(That Christianity Does Answer)科學不能解答的問題：（但基督教可以解答） • Why am I here? 我為何在這裡？ • Is that the right thing to do? 做這事是對的嗎？ • How valuable am I? 我的價值有多少？ • Does God exist? Does God act (theism)? 神存在嗎？神或否作工(有神論)？ • Will that God respond if I pray? 神會回應我的禱告嗎？ • Do supernatural events (miracles) happen? 超自然事件（神蹟）會發生嗎？ • Why is there evil and suffering in the world? 為何世界有邪惡及受苦？

25. Materialism is Patently False 物質主義是公然的錯 If Materialism/Naturalism is right then; 如果物質主義 / 自然主義是對的； • “I” do not exist. Consciousness is just random moving around of chemicals. “我”並不存在，良知只不過是一些隨機流動的化學物質 • No soul, no spirit, no non-physical reality. 沒有魂，沒有靈，沒有非肉體的真實 • Life has no value. Human beings have no value. What is value? 生命是沒有價值的。人類是沒有價值的，甚麼是價值呢？ • Love is chemicals moving around (vs. God is love) 愛只是一些化學物質在流動 (相對神是愛)

26. Naturalism is Patently False Because…. 自然主義是公然的錯，因為…. • The universe was created. 宇宙是被創造的 • Life was created. 生命是被創造的 • The Anthropic Principle. The universe is ridiculously well fine-tuned for us to exist. 人擇原理：宇宙是荒謬地自然調節而適合人類生存 • No one in their right mind can deny the existence of right and wrong 一個有清晰理智的人一定不能否定善與惡的存在 • The Bible is inspired by God. 聖經是神所默示的

27. Postmodernism: Cultural Relativism 後現代主義：文化相對 • Truth: It is true for you, but it is not true for me. 真理：對你來說是真的，但對我來說並不是 • Meaning, if it exists, lies in a community of believers. 意義，如果它存在，只在那些信徒的社群中 • No rational way to discover which is the best world view. 沒有理性的方法去發掘甚麼是最好的世界觀

28. Problems With Postmodernism後現代主義的問題 • Self-refuting. 自相矛盾 • If nothing is true, then postmodernism is not true. 如果甚麼也沒有是真的，那麼後現代主義也不是真的 • Its authors insist on authorial privilege. 後現代主義的作者堅持作家的特權 • I do not care what they say, some things are just true. 我並不會理會他們所說的話，有些事情是對的 • Either God is real or he is not. Even if I cannot prove it one way or another. 神可能是真或是假的, 即使我不能證實或反證祂

29. The Christian World View Is True 基督教的世界觀是真實的 • The Universe is Real 宇宙是真的 • The creation is good.創造是好的 • Evil exists.邪惡存在 • Despite what Naturalists say, there is a spiritual reality. For example, “I” exist. Consciousness is not simply an epiphenomenon. 儘管自然理論者如何說，人還是有屬靈真實的一面。例子：“我”存在，良知並不是一個附帶現象 • Science and the Christian world view do not contradict. 科學與基督教的世界觀並沒有衝突

30. Christianity Offers Solutions to the Big Problems of Human Beings 基督教提供人類大難題的答案 • The Problem of Evil 邪惡的難題 • The Problem of Suffering 受苦的難題 • The Problem of Death 死亡的難題

31. The Christian World View Has Given Us: 基督教的世界觀給與我們： Science 科學 Abolition of Slavery (Wilberforce) 廢除奴隸制度（威伯福斯） Civil Rights 民權 Women’s Rights 女權 Christian groups do a majority of all benevolent work in the world (James 1:27, Micah 6:8) 基督教團體在這世界做了很多慈善的工作 (雅各書1:27, 彌迦書6:8)

32. Two Good Questions 兩個好問題 • Does evil exist? 邪惡存在嗎？ • If God is all-loving and all-powerful and all-good, then why is there evil? 如果神是全愛及全能，為何有邪惡呢？

33. The answer: God’s love.答案：神是愛Free Will: God Gives Us a Choice自由意志：神給我們選擇Why? Because he loves us.為甚麼？因為祂愛我們The result: We rebelled and brought evil into the world. Is this God’s fault? What is the alternative? 結果：我們反叛及將邪惡帶到這世界，這是神的錯嗎？有其他的選擇嗎？ • Deuteronomy 30:15-20 申明記30:15-20

34. Free Will, An Illustration: The Prodigal Son自由意志，例子：浪子回頭

35. Proposition #3 論點三 • Christianity is historically fraudulent 基督教是有歷史欺詐的成份

36. Ruins of Hattusha, capital of the Hittites

37. The Lion Gate in Hattusha

38. The Five City League, including Sodom and Gomorrah

39. The Tel Dan Inscription 820 BC 2 Kings 8:28-29 列王記下 8:28-29 I Hazael killed Joram, son of Omri and I defeated Ahaziah of the House of David 我哈薛殺了暗利的兒子約蘭，我打敗了大衛家的亞哈謝

40. Pilate Inscription Caesarea AD 30

41. Ziggurat in Ur

42. Proposition #4 論點四 • The Bible is full of contradictions. 聖經是充滿自相矛盾 • Genesis 7:17 vs Genesis 8:3 創 7:17 vs 創 8:3 • Genesis 37:36 vs Genesis 39:1 創 37:36 vs 創 39:1 • Mathew 27:5 vs Acts 1:18 太 27:5 vs 徒 1:18 • John 19:17 vs Mark 15:21-23 約 19:17 vs 可 15:21-23 • More serious Exodus 20:4-5 vs Ezek 18:19-20 更嚴重的出20:4-5 vs 結 18:19-20

43. Proposition #5 Jesus is Just a Myth 論點五：耶穌只是神話Inspiration of the Bible:Messianic Prophecies Fulfilled 神經的默示：救世主的預言被應驗 He said to them, “This is what I told you while I was still with you: Everything must be fulfilled that is written about me in the Law of Moses, the Prophets and the Psalms. Luke 24:44 耶 穌 對 他 們 說 、 這 就 是 我 從 前 與 你 們 同 在 之 時 、 所 告 訴 你 們 的 話 、 說 、 摩 西 的 律 法 、 先 知 的 書 、 和 詩 篇 上 所 記 的 、 凡 指 著 我 的 話 、 都 必 須 應 驗 。路加福音 24:44

44. Isaiah 53:1-13: 賽 53:1-13 • He was despised and rejected by men, a man of sorrows, familiar with suffering. (v. 3) 他被藐視、被人厭棄、多受痛苦、常經憂患。 • But he was pierced for our transgressions, he was crushed for our iniquities; the punishment that brought us peace was upon him, and by his wounds we are healed. (v. 5) (John 19:31-37)那知他為我們的過犯受害、為我們的罪孽壓傷．因他受的刑罰我們得平安．因他受的鞭傷我們得醫治。 • He was oppressed and afflicted, yet he did not open his mouth; he was led like a lamb to the slaughter and as a sheep before her shearers is silent, so he did not open his mouth. (v. 7) 他被欺壓、在受苦的時候卻不開口．他像羊羔被牽到宰殺之地、又像羊在剪毛的人手下無聲、他也是這樣不開口．

46. Micah 5:2 彌迦書 5:2 But you, Bethlehem Ephrathrah, though you are small among the clans of Judah, out of you will come for me one who will be ruler over Israel, whose origins are from old, from ancient times. 伯利恆以法他阿、你在猶大諸城中為小、將來必有一位從你那裡出來、在以色列中為我作掌權的．他的根源從亙古、從太初就有。

47. Isaiah 9:1,6 以賽亞書 9:1,6 In the past he humbled the land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali, but in the future he will honor Galilee of the Gentiles, by the way of the sea, along the Jordan…. For to us a child is born… And he will be called Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace. 但那受過痛苦的、必不再見幽暗。從前神使西布倫地、和拿弗他利地被藐視．末後卻使這沿海的路、約但河外、外邦人的加利利地、得著榮耀 ….因有一嬰孩為我們而生、有一子賜給我們．政權必擔在他的肩頭上．他名稱為奇妙、策士、全能的神、永在的父、和平的君。

50. Psalm 22:16-18 詩篇 22:16-18 Dogs have surrounded me; a band of evil men have encircled me, they have pierced my hands and my feet. I can count all my bones; (John 19:3-37) people stare and gloat over me. They divide my garments among them and cast lots for my clothing. (John 19:23,24) 犬類圍著我．惡黨環繞我．他們扎了我的手、我的腳。 我的骨頭、我都能數過．他們瞪著眼看我。 他們分我的外衣、為我的裡衣拈鬮。