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The Protestant Reformation

The Protestant Reformation. Chapter 11. Background. Began in Saxony, Germany People were second-guessing religion Must be viewed separately than the Renaissance However both were spurred by: The rise of middle class Humanism Biblical scholarship. Both movements had a different emphasis

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The Protestant Reformation

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  1. The Protestant Reformation Chapter 11

  2. Background • Began in Saxony, Germany • People were second-guessing religion • Must be viewed separately than the Renaissance • However both were spurred by: • The rise of middle class • Humanism • Biblical scholarship

  3. Both movements had a different emphasis • The Renaissance emphasized the secular spirit • The Reformation urged the return to a stronger faith and church • The Renaissance was more “worldly” • The Reformation had strong political tones-Nationalism

  4. Underlying Causes • Religious factors • Simony • Pluralism • Immorality • Church doctrine • Humanism • Political • Economic • Sale of indulgences

  5. Why Germany? • Lack of strong ruler= strength in Church • Church abuses prominent • German peasants • Martin Luther from Germany • Augustinian monk • Miner family

  6. Catholic Penance • Justification by Faith • Selling of indulgences • Luther’s relationships with the Pope and Governments • Pope Leo X • Diet of Worms • Charles V-Holy Roman Emperor • Fredrick III of Saxony(Fredrick the Wise)

  7. Political battle over Lutheranism • Spread of Lutheranism • Northern states in Germany • Emperor Charles V • Allied w/ Pope • Peasants War • Twelve Articles • Northern Germany • League of Schmalkalden • Peace of Augsburg • Cuius regio, eius religio- whose the region, his the religion

  8. Frederick III

  9. Subsequent Developments of Lutheranism • Zwingli • Switzerland • Anabaptists • Conrad Grebel • Mennonites and Amish • John Calvin • Calvinism • Switzerland • John Knox • Unitararians

  10. The English Reformation • Break with the Pope • Henry VIII • Protestantism • Edward VI (Henry VIII’s son) • Book of Common Prayer (Act of Uniformity) • Catholicism • Mary (Henry VIII daughter/ Edward’s ½ sister) • Anglican • Elizabeth

  11. The Counter Reformation • Pope Paul III • Council of Trent • Bible is essential authority- Church is law • Both faith and good works essential • Abuses condemned • 7 sacraments and celibacy of clergy • Religious orders • New Religious Orders • Jesuits • Ignatious Loyola • Spanish and Italian Inquisitions • Baroque Art

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