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A Brave New World

A Brave New World. English Colonization in North America. Focus Question:. Is the United States the land of opportunity?. Entering the Game Late. By the time England was ready: Spain had claimed much of South and Central America

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A Brave New World

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  1. A Brave New World English Colonization in North America

  2. Focus Question: • Is the United States the land of opportunity?

  3. Entering the Game Late • By the time England was ready: • Spain had claimed much of South and Central America • France claimed the rich fur lands of Canada and the Mississippi Valley • English stuck with the Atlantic seaboard

  4. English Advantages • Excess Population • Enclosure Movement • Religious Dissent • Geopolitics • Growth of Joint-Stock Companies

  5. Enclosure Movement

  6. Failed Early Attempts • Trial and Error Method • Patterns established • Settlement • Breakdown of order and purpose • Disease and hunger • Trouble with Native Americans • Lacked Successful Model

  7. The Chesapeake • Settled along the James River • Defensive Posture • Planned by Virginia Company of London • Required a commodity • Very nearly failed

  8. Achieves Success • Developed New Model for Colonization • Send large numbers of family groups • Encourage small, privately owned farms • Maintain military discipline • Locate goods suitable for trade

  9. Pilgrims Progress The Settlement of New England

  10. Role of the Protestant Reformation • Different groups protested different teachings and practices • Lutherans • Calvinists • Anglicans • Development of Puritans in England • Wished to “purify” Catholic elements from the Anglican Church • Adopted many Calvinist ideas, especially predestination

  11. Pilgrims • Separatists • “Church of England too corrupt for salvation” • Set sail for Virginia • Mayflower Compact • Self-Government with Town Meeting • Only Church members voted • Absorbed by Massachusetts Bay

  12. Rise of the Puritans • Centered in East Anglia • Great Migration to the Americans 1629-1640 • Some 80,000 Puritans fled England for the colonies • 20,000 settled in New England • Puritans desired to set up a “Bible Commonwealth” • “A City Upon a Hill” • Massachusetts as the model for the world

  13. Puritans in New England • Mixed Church and State • Only Puritan men could vote • All citizens supported the Church • State had jurisdiction over ministry • Established the “Protestant Work Ethic” • Serious commitment to work • Enjoyed simple, human pleasures • Promoted Education • “Old Deluder Satan” law

  14. Challenges • Religious Dissent • Anne Hutchinson and Antinominism • The saved did not need to obey the laws of God or man • Banished and died in an Indian attack in New York • Roger Williams • Pushed for a clean break with the Church of England • Challenged the ties between church and state in the colony • Exiled and fled to Rhode Island • Fundamental Orders of Connecticut • Puritans spread into the Connecticut Valley in 1636. • Governed under the Fundamental Orders • A democratic system with rule by the wealthy

  15. Challenges (II) • “Great Migration” fell off in the 1640s • English Civil War brought Puritan leadership • Rigid beliefs led to questions • Less people sought conversion • Half-Way Covenant

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