Unit 2 Middle Ages, Renaissance and Reformation

1. Unit 2 Middle Ages, Renaissance and Reformation Lesson 10 Henry VIII (DAD)

2. Henry VIII (DAD Learning Target Students can explain the importance of Henry VIII in the Reformation and list the basic reforms Henry VIII made during the Reformation

3. Henry VIII (DAD Protestant Reformation Re-cap Martin Luther’s religious reform movement quickly spread beyond Germany. By 1543, it reached England where Henry VIII ruled. Just 13 years before, Henry had attacked Luther’s ideas. To thank him, Pope Leo X called the king “Defender of the Faith” Henry VIII breaks with the Catholic Church A political problem started the Reformation in England. Henry VIII became king there in 1509. He married a Spanish princess, Catherine of Aragon. They had a daughter named Mary. In 1527, Henry VIII tried to end his marriage in order to have a son to follow after him.

4. Henry VIII (DAD D– Divorce • Henry wanted a son, a male heir, to his throne • They had a daughter named Mary, and Catherine could not have more children. • Henry tried to divorce Catherine, the Pope refused to allow the divorce. Henry asked the Pope to annul, or break off, his marriage • Catherine refused to accept this and asked her nephew the Holy Roman Emperor to influence the pope’s decisions • By this time Henry had already secretly married another woman, Ann Boleyn

5. Henry VIII (DAD A– Anglican Church • The pope excommunicated Henry as a result of his secret marriage so Henry proceeded to establish the Church of England • In order to divorce Catherine, Henry VIII appointed a new archbishop, a top religious figure in the church, of Canterbury, England • The archbishop declared Henry’s marriage to Catherine not legal • In 1543 Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy which made the king the head of the Anglican Church

6. Henry VIII (DAD D– Dissolved Catholic owned lands in England • Dissolved monasteries and sold the land to rich merchants • This made the rich merchants happy because they now owned land • His treasury gained a boost and new supporters to his cause • Henry claimed to be independent from the Catholic Church but he rejected many protestant reforms and kept a most Catholic forms of worship

7. Henry VIII (DAD Edward • Henry and Ann Boleyn had a daughter named Elizabeth • Three years later he declared Ann unfaithful to the marriage and had her executed • He then married Jane Seymour and had a son named Edward • Henry died in 1547 and Edward became King of England at 9 years old • Edward was a protestant follower and accepted many protestant reforms

8. Henry VIII (DAD Mary • Edward ruled for 6 years and died in 1553 of illness • Henry’s first daughter Mary became Queen of England • Mary was a Catholic and used her power to make England a Catholic nation again • To strengthen her power she married the Catholic King of Spain, Phillip II • The English protestants hated Mary and refused to become Catholics again

9. Henry VIII (DAD Elizabeth • Mary died in 1558 and her half sister Elizabeth became Queen of England • She tried to join together Protestants and Catholics into the Anglican Church • Many Anglican rituals became a blend of Catholic and Protestant ceremonies • Not all Protestants liked this compromise, they were called Puritans • This group wanted to “purify” the church of Catholic rituals • In the 1600’s some Puritans left England to settle in North America

10. Henry VIII (DAD Key Words • Arch-Bishop – a top religious leader in a church province • Act of Supremacy – appointed the king of England the head of the Church of England • Compromised – An agreement in which both sides give up something as to stop arguing • Purify – to make clean and simple • Puritans – Any English protestant who wanted to purify the Anglican Church