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England & its Colonies. Chapter 3 Section 1. I England & its Colonies Prosper. Purpose of setting up colonies was to enrich English empire Colonies played important role in Mercantilism. A. M ercantilism. In Mercantilism a nation can increase wealth in 2 ways
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England & its Colonies Chapter 3 Section 1
I England & its Colonies Prosper • Purpose of setting up colonies was to enrich English empire • Colonies played important role in Mercantilism
A. Mercantilism • In Mercantilism a nation can increase wealth in 2 ways • Obtaining as much gold & silver as possible • Establishing favorable balance of trade in which it sold more goods then it bought • Goal of Mercantilism= self-sufficient nation & not depend on other countries • The key to do this was to have colonies • Colonies supplied goods but served as market for England to sell
B. Navigation Acts • Colonists didn’t sell ALL goods to England • Other countries offered to pay higher for raw material so they sold to French & Spanish • England saw this as economic threat so Parliament tightened its control by passing the Navigation Acts • Parliament=England’s country’s legislative body • Nabigation Acts benifited some and angered others
II Tensions Emerge • Some colonists smuggled goods to and from other countries to avoid being taxed • King punished the people who he thought most resisted English authority: leaders & merchants in Mass.
A. A Crackdown in Massachusetts • Puritan leaders stated that their corporate charter didn’t require them to follow Nav. Acts or any other law passed by Parliament • England revokes their charter • “Puritan Utopia” becomes royal colony uncer strict control of the crown
B. The Dominion of New England • James II tried to make colonies more obedient • United the northern colonies • Disbanded local assemblies • Placed under 1 ruler in boston • The land from southern Maine to NJ was united into 1 large colony called the Dominion of New England
Sir Edmund Andros • Picked to rule the dominion & instituted laws that angered oclonists • Enforced Nav. Acts • Persecuted smugglers • Outlawed local assemblies • Collected taxes w/o input of locals • Increase Mather sent to negotiate return to normalcy but English Rev. changed everything
C. The Glorious Revolution King James II was Roman Catholic who ruled w/o respect for Parliament • Underestimated how much the English valued Protestantism & parliamentary rights • Fearing a Catholic dynasty, Parliament invites his protestant daughter & her husband to jointly rule He flees
William & Mary of Orange • Take the throne w/o firing a shot • The Glorious Revolution= events after taking the throne in which Parliament passed a series of laws establishing their power over the Crown • Colonists heard this and staged their own rebellion and arrest Andros
Parliament restored their original charter but made changes to it • New charter called for: • king to appoint gov. of Mass • Religious Tolerance • Non-Puritan representation in colonial assembly • New England can no longer persecute the Quakers and other religious groups
III England Loosens the Reins • After 1688 England turns its attention away from the colonies and to France who were their competitors for control of Europe • As long as the colonies exported raw materials & imported manufactured goods (mercantilism) England left colonies alone
A. Salutary Neglect • Ironically began loosening reins with what seemed as an attempt to control colonies • Strengthened navigation acts in 2 ways • Smugglers trials moved from colonial ct. to Admiralty cts. w/ English judges • Created a Board of Trade= a board with powers to monitor colonial trade • In practice England loosened its grip • Salutary Neglect= England relaxing its enforcement of most reg. in retutn for continued econ. loyalty
The colonies continued to be economicaly loyal so Parliament did not closeley supervise the colonies
B. Seeds of Self Government • England's Salutary Neglect also affected POLITICS • Colonial gov’t • Governor appointed by Crown • Gov. presided over an advisory council who he appointed • Local assembly made up of land owning white mal colonists
In practice, gov. did not hold much power because… • Assembly (colonists) created and passed laws • Raised $$$ through taxes • Assembly paid the gov. wages so he rareley vetoed their laws out of fear of not getting paid • The colonists used their power of the purse to influence gov. decisions
Under England’s reglect, colonists developed a taste for self-government that weould lead to rebellion down the road • Aside from desire for more pol. And econ. Freedom the colonies didn’t have much in common to unite them against Britain • Northern & Southern colonies were developing distinct societies based on very dif. Econ. systems