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QOTD 9/23/13

QOTD 9/23/13. Get out your electricity audit and your reading outline for p. 452-455. You should have at least 5 appliances or electrical devices and their power ratings already. I will check off your reading outline while you work.

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QOTD 9/23/13

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  1. QOTD 9/23/13 Get out your electricity audit and your reading outline for p. 452-455. You should have at least 5 appliances or electrical devices and their power ratings already. I will check off your reading outline while you work. On your electricity audit, record your ratings in kW (move the decimal place 3 places to the LEFT if you found the rating in watts). Estimate how many hours a day the device is on (if in minutes, divide by 60 to get to hours). Multiply power rating (kW) by hours (h) to get the kilowatt-hour rating (kWh) for each device. We will debrief in about 10 minutes. EXAMPLE: My AC has a power rating of 1000W. If I use it for 45 minutes, how many kWh of electricity will I use and be billed for? kWh = kW x hours 1000 W = 1 kW 45 minutes = 0.75 hours So 1 kW x 0.75 h = .75 kW h

  2. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) • Household and business waste • Anything NOT Hazardous or Nuclear

  3. “Solid” Defined • Less than 70% water • This definition is true for Municipal, Hazardous, and Nuclear waste

  4. Hazardous waste Wastes that pose potential threats to public health or the environment Categories: • Toxic • Reactive • Corrosive • Ignitable • Biomedical

  5. Hexachlorobutadiene • Hexachloroethane • Lead • Lindane • Mercury • Methoxychlor • Methyl ethyl ketone • Nitrobenzene • Pentachlorophenol • Pyridine • Selenium • Silver • Tetrachloroethylene • Toxaphene • Trichloroethylene • 2,4,5 Trichlorophenol • 2,4,6 Trichlorophenol • 2,4,5-TP (Silvex) • Vinyl Chloride • Arsenic • Barium • Benzene • Cadmium • Carbon Tetrachloride • Chlordane • Chloroform • Chromium • O-Cresol • M-Cresol • Cresol • 2,4-D • 1,4 Dichlorobenzene • 1,2 Dichloroethane • 1,1 Dichloroethylene • 2,4 Dinitrotoluene • Endrin • Heptachlor • Hexachlorobenzene Hazardous Waste Toxic – • Contains one (or more) of 39 chemicals in the TCLP Table (Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure) Household Toxic Waste

  6. Hazardous Waste Reactive – • Materials that tend to be unstable at normal temperatures and pressures • Water reactive materials • Explosives • Cyanide or sulfide bearing wastes • Pyrophoric (spontaneously ignitable) metals such as sodium • Cyanide wastes • Ethers • Peroxides

  7. Hazardous Waste Corrosive – • Aqueous solutions with pH less than 2 or greater than 12.5 • Liquid that corrodes steel at a rate greater than 6.35 mm per year (0.25 inches per year) at a test temperature of 55°C (130°F) • Strong acids • Alkaline degreasers • Water/wastewater treatment chemicals • Any debris that is contaminated with this material

  8. Hazardous Waste Ignitable – • Liquids with a flashpoint of less than 60o C / 140o F • Solids that burn spontaneously (sodium, white phosphorous, etc.) • Flammable compressed gas (propane, butane, etc.) • Oxidizers (nitrates, perchlorates, etc.) • Materials with National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) or Hazardous Materials Identification System (HMIS) flammability hazard rating of 3 or 4.

  9. Hazardous Waste Biomedical – • Any solid waste or liquid, which may present a threat of infection to humans. • Including non-liquid human tissue and body parts, discarded sharps, human blood, human blood products, laboratory waste that contains human disease-causing agents and body fluids

  10. Nuclear Waste Radioactive waste resulting from the byproducts of nuclear reactions • Nuclear Power Generation: 36 power plants with 104 reactors in US producing ~ 20% of US electricity Waste: ~ 2,000 metric tons/yr (about 2200 lbs per year) Nuclear waste is dangerous for tens of thousands of years! • Nuclear Weapons • Hospitals (low level radioactive waste)

  11. What do we do with waste? Throw it away.

  12. Where is “away”? away? away? away? Beaches are often closed due to pollution.

  13. Municipal Waste: • Sanitary Landfills • Incineration Hazardous Waste: • Incineration (destroys organics, decreases volume) • Landfills • Underground Injection wells for liquids Nuclear Waste: • Underground storage areas (underground storage tanks at Hanford are leaking! Columbia River is not very far away!!!) • Yucca Mountain???

  14. Where YOU can take hazardous waste • Factoria Hazardous Waste Shed (32nd St) • You can drop off: • Antifreeze • CFL lightbulbs (mercury) • Household chemicals • Motor oil • Batteries • Solvents (acetone, MEK, turpentine, etc.) • pesticides/herbicides • Oil-based paint (latex paint can be dried out and put in regular garbage)

  15. What about e-waste? • In Washington, producers of electronics must pay for their recycling. • Consumers have free (with some restricitons) e-waste recycling: see www.1800recycle.wa.gov for dropoff sites (Goodwill and other sites) • Recycling Collection Day • (Saturday October 12 from 9-3 at First Presbyterian Church on Bellevue Way)

  16. Regulation EPA RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act) • All Landfills designed according to RCRA rules must contain systems to collect contaminated surface water run-off as well as synthetic liners below and around the landfill. • “Cradle to grave” recordkeeping and reporting of hazardous waste. All who make, transport, handle, and dispose of hazardous waste have to keep these records.

  17. Average lifespan is 30 years.

  18. Legislation • CERCLA (Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980) enacted to protect human health and the environment • Makes polluters pay for clean-up by EPA • Established “Superfund”to pay for clean-up when no responsible party can be found

  19. Eagle Harbor, Bainbridge Island • Creosote plant until 1988 • Under Superfund, was steam-cleaned • Clean-up is still going on • Now part of it is a park

  20. Love Canal, USA • Canal built for hydroelectric power in 1890s (never filled with water) • 1940s- 1950s 20,000 tons of waste containing 80 different chemicals was dumped into the canal, including municipal waste from Niagara Falls area. • 1953, chemical company managing site capped it and “donated” the land to the city of Niagara Falls ($1)

  21. Love Canal, USA • The toxic waste dump was disclosed during this land sale, but a community of homes, including an elementary school, was built there anyway. • Homebuyers were NOT told about the former waste site. • The area experienced much higher than normal rates of cancer. • 1976-1977 during heavy rains chemical waste began oozing out of the ground on the elementary school playground.

  22. Love Canal Today • The area has been covered and capped to meet new regulations. (Cleaned up Superfund site) • A new community lives there (sort of). The area that was farthest from the waste site was deemed “safe for long term habitation” by the EPA in 1998. That part is now called Black Creek Village. • Most of the original housing development is demolished, but old streets remain (area is fenced off). Try “driving by” using street view on Google Maps! Eerie!

  23. Love Canal Today

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