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Carbon compounds.

Carbon compounds. Organic compounds. Why carbon counts. One carbon atom can make 4 possible covalent bonds. Living molecules are made from molecules that contain carbon. Carbon bonds can form long chains that can be unlimited in length. Carbon is the most versatile element. .

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Carbon compounds.

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  1. Carbon compounds. Organic compounds

  2. Why carbon counts One carbon atom can make 4 possible covalent bonds. Living molecules are made from molecules that contain carbon. Carbon bonds can form long chains that can be unlimited in length. Carbon is the most versatile element.

  3. Organic compounds • Groups of organic molecules that contain carbon: • Carbohydrates • Lipids • Proteins • Nucleic acids

  4. Monomers the small subunits that ultimately link together to form larger molecules are called monomers. Mono - one When a bunch of monomers join together into a much larger molecule, they form a polymer. Poly- many

  5. Macromolecules ‘giant molecules’ Comprised of monomers that like together through polymerization. ‘many small subunits make one large unit’ We consume the macromolecule, but it is later broken down into these smaller monomers to be used in out body.

  6. What you need to know about carbs!! Carbohydrates are an important source of energy for cells and provide a means of transporting and storing that energy. They are also a structural support. 

  7. Count your carbs! Carbohydrates = energy for cells. Carbohydrates are made of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O), or CHO, in an approximate ratio of 1:2:1.    All sugars are carbohydrates. Another word for sugar is saccharide.

  8. Carbohydrates • Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen • 1:2:1 ratio • Main source of energy • C6H12O6 monomer

  9. Monosaccharide- monomer Glucose, C6H12O6 Galactose, C6H12O6 Fructose, C6H12O6 When 2 monosaccharides join together, they form a disaccharide through dehydration synthesis.

  10. Monosaccharides Monomer- monosaccharide “simple sugars” sucrose — common table sugar = glucose + fructose lactose — major sugar in milk = glucose + galactose maltose — product of starch digestion = glucose + glucose

  11. Carb review! What is the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen in a carbohydrate molecule. Why do we need carbohydrates? What is dehydration synthesis?

  12. Lipids Fats, oils, waxes, detergents Insoluble in water Made of mostly carbon and hydrogen

  13. Hydrophobic Lipids are hydrophobic – water fearing!!

  14. Lipids are used for long term energy storage. Create structure of the cell membrane. Transmit information Warmth and protection

  15. Triglyceride Oils and fats Glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acids Butter, oil, lard Store almost twice as many calories as carbohydrates, more energy!

  16. Saturated vs unsaturated

  17. https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&NR=1&v=HgH6C1itI08https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&NR=1&v=HgH6C1itI08

  18. Proteins • Contain: nitrogen,(N) carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O) • Monomer: amino acids • Amino group (NH2) on one end and a carboxyl group (COOH) on the other end. • What distinguishes amino acids is the R group.

  19. Amino acids are joined together in proteins by peptide bonds. A peptide bond forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of the adjacent amino acid.

  20. Why we need proteins Each protein has a specific role. Transport Hormonal Storage Form muscle/bone Enzymes Fight disease

  21. Protein folding Proteins are chains of amino acids folded up into complex arrangements. First level of organization – amino acids in a protein chain held together by peptide bonds. Second level of organization – the chain is twisted or folded. (helix or sheet) Third level- the chains themselves are folded to make a 3D structure. Fourth level- 3D structure of multiple protein subunits.

  22. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w-ctkPUUpUc

  23. Nucleic acids • Contain Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N), Carbon (C), and Phosphorus (P). • Monomer- nucleotide • 5-carbon sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen base. • Nucleic acids store and transmit genetic information. • DNA and RNA

  24. Nucleic acids

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