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Carbon Compounds

Carbon Compounds. 6.3 Pages 157-163. Carbon Compounds. What does it mean to be organic? Organic compounds- compounds containing CARBON Carbon >contains 4 valence e - > can form 4 covalent bonds with itself or other elements .

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Carbon Compounds

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  1. Carbon Compounds 6.3 Pages 157-163

  2. Carbon Compounds What does it mean to be organic? Organic compounds- compounds containing CARBON Carbon >contains 4 valence e- > can form 4 covalent bonds with itself or other elements

  3. Large carbon compounds (analogy= necklace) • Monomers are simple carbon molecules. Ex. Link in necklace • Polymers are molecules made of many monomers. (monomer + monomer = polymer) Ex. Whole necklace • Macromolecules are made of many polymers (polymer + polymer = macromolecule) Ex. Multi chain necklace

  4. How do Monomers link to form Polymers??? …through condensation reactions (called dehydration synthesis) Dehydration synthesis- chemical reaction in which one monomer donates a hydroxyl (OH-) and the other monomer donates a hydrogen (H) forming water (H2O)

  5. Hydrolysis – reverse process of dehydrations synthesis or a condensation reaction. (Breakdown of complex mol.)

  6. Complete this Dehydration Synthesis Reaction + Answer: • (you draw the new molecule & give name)

  7. Do Now • What is the element found in all organic compounds? • Carbon • What is the process called that links two monomers together to form a polymer? • Dehydration synthesis or condensation reaction • What is removed during the above process? • Water

  8. Organic Compounds • There are 4 main classes of organic compounds which are essential to the life processes of all living things. • Carbohydrates • Proteins • Lipids • Nucleic Acids

  9. I. Carbohydrates • Elements: C, H, O in 1:2:1 ratio (double hydrogen) • Main fuel provider and energy source of living things, used for structures in cells • Exists in 2 forms: (ring formation common) • Monosaccharides –monomer of carbs like sugars • Polysaccharides- polymer of carbs

  10. Polymer made of 3 or more monosaccharides Ex. 1. Glycogen(animal starch) Excess sugar (glycogen) is released from liver when your blood sugar runs low 2. Cellulose(in plants) Tough, flexible (found in cell wall)  gives plants rigidity & strength. Polysaccharides

  11. II. Proteins • Elements: C, H, O, N • For building bones and muscles, as well as cell membranes and enzymes • Monomer = Amino Acids (20 kinds) • Foods- Fish, poultry, soy, beans

  12. Proteins • Proteins are made of monomers of amino acids • Dipeptides – 2 Amino Acids • Polypeptides- chain of Amino Acids • Enzymes = polypeptides

  13. III. Lipids • Elements: C, H (in high ratio) & O • NOT water soluble (do NOT dissolve in water) • Monomer = 1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids • Used to store energy. Important part in biological membranes and waterproof covering • Ex. Fats, oils, waxes • Fatty acids • Complex Lipids

  14. Fatty acids – unbranched fatty acid chain makes up most lipids Saturated fatty acids have each C always bonded to four other atoms. Max # of Hydrogen atoms Unsaturated fatty acids have double/triple bonds between carbons. Fatty Acids

  15. Monomer = Nucleotide made of 3 components 1. phosphate group 2. 5-carbon sugar 3. Nitrogen base Store important information for the cell Ex. DNA  cellular information RNA  stores/transfers information to make proteins IV. Nucleic Acids

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