Administration

1. Administration

2. Administration: 1.Exists to implement the decisions of a legislative body. 2.Influences the results to be achieved, the direction to be pursued, and the priorities to be recognized within the enterprise. 3.Has a decisive impact on strategies selected and utilized to reach predetermined objectives. 4.Determines, in large measure, the organizational climate and working relationships. 5.Can help to make personnel employed more productive 6.Helps to assemble and to insure prudent use of resources. 7. Unifies and coordinates the human and material resources available to the enterprise. 8.Appraises the quality and quantity of outcomes actually accomplished. 9. Shapes, to a considerable degree, the image and prestige of the enterprise

3. Ducker considered administrators to be a “basic resource” the “scarcest resource,” and perhaps the most precious resource in an enterprise. These ideas will be expanded when the dimensions and processes of administration are explored in subsequent chapters.

4. The word Administration means • To perform • To take change off • To accomplish • Direction or Management

5. Administration as a means to an end The Supreme Court of the United States declared in 1954: “Today, education is probably the most important function of state and local governments In these days, it is doubtful that any child may reasonably be expected to succeed in life , if he is denied the opportunity of an education. This declaration on the importance of education rendered by the highest tribunal in the land corroborates similar statements issued by individuals and groups from all walks of life. The American system of education has served the nation well, for never before in history have so many been educated so well.

6. Aims & Objective of school administration • To define the functions of school. • To organize the activities of school. • To reduce wastage. • To make administration easy. • To introduce experimentation.

7. Principles of School Administration • Administration should seek cooperation, participation and involvement of pupils, teachers, parents and community. • Administration should be flexible. • In should encourage teacher participation in the school programme. • Administration makes cordial and purposeful relationship in between school and community.

8. Every child must be enabled to grow and develop according to his own individuality. • Administration should provide freedom for teachers to conduct experimentation. • Administration should be oriented towards all round development and welfare of the students.

9. Meaning of Administration: “Administration is that aspect of business enterprise which concerns itself, with the over-all determination of the major policies and objectives.” “Administration is a determinative function within an enterprise and is the fundamental responsibility of the top management.” “According to J.B.Sears, “ in common usage, the term administration is roughly synonymous with that of management. In its proper use in education, it contains much that we mean by the word government and it is closely related in content to such words as superintendence, supervision, planning, oversight, direction, organization, control, guidance and regulation. Besides referring to the process or activity of managing people and materials, the term is regularly used to designate the person or persons, the officials in charge of the activity.”

10. Educational administration meaning:ordrairy teed defined admiministration as a comprehensive effort to direct, guide & integrate associating human stirrings which are focused towards some specific ends or aims. Educational administration is also a comprehensive effort intended to ad eve some specific educational objectives & if deals with educational practices educational philosophy explains the principles. Educational administration, tells the do-how of educational objectives & principles If infect, is the dynamic side of education. Educational administration deals with educational institutions-right from the schools & colleges to the secretarial

11. It is concerned with both human material resources the human elements include. Children Parents Teacher & other employees in general –university board of educational at local state & national governments ,on the material side there are many buildings, & grounds equipment & instructional supplies beyond these two elements are ideas laws and regulations, community needs and so on all these have bearing on the educational process The integration of these parts into a whole is educational administration.

12. It concerned with the formulation execution and appraisal of educational policies, French , hall and Dodds compare it with a lens. Just as a lens brings about every thing into focus. Similarly, administration focuses every thing of education. Carter. V.Good in dictionary of Education states “All those techniques and procedures employed in operating the educational organization in accordance with established policies is defined as administration.” Economically speaking, educational administration is a Non profit making enterprise.

13. Encyclopedia administration is the process of integrating the efforts of personnel and utilizing appropriate materials in such a way as to promote effectively the development of children and youth but also with the growth a children and youth but also with the growth of adults, and particularly with the growth school personnel. Walton “ The subject matter of educational administration is not a thing of intellectual beauty. Borrowing fragments from several diverse disciplines. Law political science, social psychology, sociology, economics, business, education, engineering arditectureand statistics. It lacks well defined. Highly organized body of subject matter It has no elegant and simple theoretical structure.

14. W. M. Ryburn. Administration is not primarily concerned with arrangement time table scheme of study, types of building record etc. but it is concerned with attitude of our work and with the children with whom we work. Dr. Jaswant Singh says. “school administration is the hub of educational process. All the plans policies and practices are bound to fail unless and until there is no sound administration in school.” We need administration for efficient functioning of the school. It is the systematic arrangement for a definite.

15. PRINCIPALS OF DEMOCRATIC ADMINISTRATION. • principal of sharing responsibility • Principle of equality • Principle of freedom • Principle of co-operation • Principle of Justice • Principle of recognition • Principle of leadership

16. Principle of Human relations • Principal of flexibility • Principle of evaluation • Principle of professional • Principle of planning • Principle of Dynamism

17. Characterstistics of successful Educational administration. Flexibility : One of the essential characteristics of successful educational administration is its flexible character. The administration should be dynamic not static : it should provide enough scope for additions and alterations.

18. 1.  Practicability: The educational administration must not be a bundle of theoretical principles, but must provide practical measures to achieve the desired objectives. Whatever objective is decided it must be achievable and practicable to avoid frustration.

19. Conformity to the social and political philosophy of the country : There must be close connection between educational administration and the social and political philosophy of a country. It must adjust itself to the impact of new ideals, new patterns and new mores of the society.

20. 1. Efficiency :Successful administration is that which results in maximum efficiency . This will be possible only when human and material resources are properly utilized- right man at the right place ; right work at the right time, every activity and project is well planned and well executed. 2.Successful achievement of desired objectives. Successful administration is one which leads to the successful achievement of desired objectives of education in a particular community e.g. healthy social living, development of good physical, social, moral, intellectual and aesthetic qualities and healthy democratic living.

21. Scope of Educational administration The following may be considered as necessary components of s education administration. 1.Providing the human equipment-headmaster, teaching staff, ministerial staff and menial staff. 2.Providing the material equipment such as building furniture, farms, laboratories, library, museum, art gallery etc. 3.Preparing the curriculum for the different classes 4.Organisatiion of a systematic co-curricula programme.

22. 5. Preparing time-table. 6. Maintaining discipline 7. Organization of library, museum, hostel etc 8. organization of health and physical education 9. Organization of exhibitions and museums 10. organization of guidance service 11. Maintaining the Educational 12. Providing various auxiliary services like mid-day meals, school uniform, text books etc. 13. Co coordinating the work of home, school and community 14. Supervision of school work 15. Evaluation of pupil achievement 16.Financing and budgeting 17.Co-operating with departmental authorities and implementing the orders of the higher educational authorities

23. Management • "Management" (from old french ménagement "the directing", from Latin manu agere "to lead by the hand") characterises the process of Leading and directing all or part of an Organization, often a business, through the deployment and manipulation of resources (human, financial, material, intellectual or intangible). Early twentieth-century management writer Mary Parker Follett defined management as "the art of getting things done through people."

24. One can also think of management functionally, as the action of measuring a quantity on a regular basis and of adjusting some initial plan, and as the actions taken to reach one's intended goal. This applies even in situations where planning does not take place. From this perspective, there are five management functions: planning, organizing, leading, coordinating and controlling.

25. Meaning And Definitions of Management Definitions : 1. According to William Spiegel, “Management is that function of an enterprise which concerns itself with the direction and control of the various activities to ;attain the business objectives”. 2.J.L.Lundy says, Management is principally a task of planning ,co-ordinating, motivating and controlling the efforts of others towards a specific objective. 3.Keith and Gubbellini : “Management is the force that integrates men and physical plant into an effective operating unit.”

26. PEOP LE GETTING RESULTS THROUGH PEOPLE MANAGEMENT PRODUCTIVCITY PROFIT CONTROLLING OUTPUT INPUT PLANNING ORGNISING DIRECT ING PUBLIC RESPONSIBILITY MEN MONEY MACHINES MATERIALSETC. GOODS OR SERVICES The following diagram gives an overview of the concept as given in the above definition :PEOP LE

27. Board of Directions Chairman and Policy Making Bodies Divisional/ Functional Heads, Sr. Managers Jr. Managers Supervisors/ Foremen Office Staff Skilled and unskilled Workers WHO ARE THE MANAGERSThe word leadership is very often substituted for ‘management.’ Managers are, therefore, people who guide the destiny of an organization. Decide Direct Deal Do

28. CLASSIFICATION OF MANAGERIAL FUNCTIONS • Luther Gulick coined the word POSDCORB to indicate the principal functions of management. The POSDCORB stands for • Planning (P), • Organizing (o), • Staffing (S), • Directing (D), • Coordinating (CO), • Reporting (R ), and • Budgeting (B). Of these, Reporting is covered by the controlling function and budgeting represents both planning and controlling.

29. Characteristic Features Of The Concept Of Management • Management aims at achieving the best possible results in a business enterprise. • Management is considered as an art of getting the things done through the efforts of other people • Management is the actuating organ of the enterprise • Management implies making of decisions regarding the organization and operations of business in its different dimensions. • Management is considered as a system of authority.

30. 6. Management is characterized by the quality of leadership 7. Management is a unique and distinct process. 8. Management is a science as well as an art 9. Management is a profession 10. Principles of management are of universal application 11. Principles of management are dynamic and not static 12.Management has got a separate identity 13. Management is a system of authority 14. Management is essential at all levels of organization

31. Scope Of Management Subject-matter of management. 1 Financial Management 2 Purchases Management 3 Production Management 4 Marketing Management 5 Transport Management 6 Personal Management 7. Maintenance Management 8  Office Management 9 Research and Development Management

32. Management as an inter-disciplinary approach 1. Principles of Management 2. Approaches of Management 3. Systems Management.

33. Importance Of Management 1. Achievement of Common Goals 2. Effective and Optimum Utilization of Resources 3. Minimization of Cost 4. Change and Growth 5. Solution to Complex problems 6. More profit 7. Social Benefits 8. Stability in Society 9. Innovations and Inventions 10.Importance to Underdeveloped Countries.

34. Distinction between administration Management and organization Administration • Administration is concerned with the over-all determination of major policies and objectives. • Administration relates to top-level management. • Administration is concerned with the thinking function. • Functions of Administration are legislative and largely determinative. 5. Functions of Administration expand at the upper level but decrease in importance at lower levels. • Administration is not actively concerned with the direction of human efforts in the execution of the plans and policies. • Administration is mainly concerned with planning and organizing functions. 8. Administration is the master or owner of the enterprise and earns profit as its reward

35. Management • Management is concerned with the implementation of the policies and achievement of objectives. • Management relates to middle and lower level management. • Management is concerned with the doing function. • Functions of Management are executive and largely governing. • 5. Functions of Management contract at the upper level but expand and increase in importance at the lower levels. • Management is mainly concerned with direction of human efforts in the execution of the plans and policies. • 7.Management is concerned with motivating and controlling functions. • 8. Management is the servant of administration and gets salary or a part of the profit as its reward. .

36. Aims and objectives of Educational Management. • To define the functions of the school. • To plan for the future and arrange the plan of operation. • To organize/build up the material and human resources required for proper running of the school. • To command the staff both teaching and non-teaching to do their work efficiently. • To co-ordinate the functions of various human elements and correlate all the activities. • To control and to ensure every thing is done in accordance with the rules which have been laid down and the instructions which have been given. • To create environment and facilities for educational research etc.