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Nutrition Related Disease Dr. Shivananda Nayak Senior Lecturer Faculty of Medical Sciences Dept of Preclinical Scie

Nutrition Related Disease Dr. Shivananda Nayak Senior Lecturer Faculty of Medical Sciences Dept of Preclinical Sciences Biochemistry Unit. Clinical signs of nutritional deficiency. Protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM)

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Nutrition Related Disease Dr. Shivananda Nayak Senior Lecturer Faculty of Medical Sciences Dept of Preclinical Scie

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  1. Nutrition Related Disease Dr. Shivananda Nayak Senior Lecturer Faculty of Medical Sciences Dept of Preclinical Sciences Biochemistry Unit Dr.S. Nayak

  2. Clinical signs of nutritional deficiency Dr.S. Nayak

  3. Dr.S. Nayak

  4. Protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) PCM is present when sufficient energy and/or protein is not available to meet metabolic demands, leading to impairment in normal physiologic processes Kwashiorkor Marasmus CausesInadequate dietary intakePoor quality dietary proteinIncreased metabolic demandsIncreased nutrient losses Dr.S. Nayak

  5. KWASHIORKAR is a condition which develops when there is gross protein deficiency and non-protein calorie intake may be adequate. It’s a high mortality deficiency disease known as kwashiorkor meaning red boy. The name comes from the odd reddish orange color of the hair, as well as from the skin rash, characteristic of the disease. Moderate to severe growth failure is present For the 1st few months of life, the breast fed infant in the developing countries grows at a rate that is comparable to that of well fed infants, but thereafter symptoms starts occurring of a kwashiorkor child if the nutrition is not adequate Dr.S. Nayak

  6. Symptoms • The increase in stature & retarded tissue development. • Poorly developed muscle that lack tone. • Severeedema. • Potbelly (protruding of the stomach) • Swollen legs & face. • Anorexia & diarrheaare common. • Whimpering, but does not cry or scream. • The child is not interested in or curious about his surrounding. Dr.S. Nayak

  7. Pathologic & biochemical changes: • Fatty infiltration of the liver. • Decreased serum levels of triglycerides, phospholipids, & cholesterol. • Reduced amylase, lipase and trypsin. • Serum proteins and albumin fractions are markedly reduced. • Low hemoglobin levels, especially if parasite infestation is also present. • Vitamin A levels are usually reduced. This could be a serious complication leading to blindness & death in some children Dr.S. Nayak

  8. MARASMUS It is a protein-caloric malnutrition caused by a diet deficient in both protein and carbohydrates Severe growth failure and emaciation are the most striking characteristics of the marasmic infant Dr.S. Nayak

  9. Dr.S. Nayak

  10. Anemia Vitamin B12 deficiency and folate (folic acid) deficiency cause megaloblastic anemia The bone marrow produces large and abnormal red cells (megaloblasts) Symptoms • People may be weak, short of breath, and pale. • Nerves may also malfunction. • Blood tests can detect abnormal cells that indicate vitamin deficiency anemia. Dr.S. Nayak

  11. Iron-deficiency anemia, often caused by insufficient iron intake, is the major cause of anemia in Childhood Causes • insufficient iron in the diet • poor absorption of iron by the body • ongoing blood loss, most commonly from menstruation or from gradual blood loss in the intestinal tract • periods of rapid growth Symptoms • fatigue and weakness • pale skin and mucous membranes • rapid heartbeat or a new heart murmur • irritability • decreased appetite • dizziness or a feeling of being lightheaded Dr.S. Nayak

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