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The Colonial System. Africa, Southeast Asia, India, and China. The Colonial System. The purpose: Exploit the natural resources of subjected areas Open up markets for manufactured goods and capital investment from the mother country
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The Colonial System Africa, Southeast Asia, India, and China
The Colonial System • The purpose: • Exploit the natural resources of subjected areas • Open up markets for manufactured goods and capital investment from the mother country • Prestige of the mother country in comparison to their European counterparts
Direct Rule Used in locations that actively resisted European influence or were decentralized. China, Burma, and Vietnam and the African Muslim states in N. Nigeria and Morocco Commonly used by the French and Belgians Indirect Rule Used in locations with stronger central authorities willing to trade and work with the European power. Parts of Africa, India Sub-continent, and Malay peninsula More common; especially by British Direct and Indirect Rule
“Might makes Right” • Eurocentric attitude • Responsibility to imperialize, democratize a Christianize the world - Paternalism • “Civilizing Missions” • Attitude gained support pseudoscientific validity of social Darwinism • Survival of the Fittest Example: The White Man’s Burden by Rudyard Kipling And sometimes it is just WRONG!
Assimilation/ Association • Assimilation – implied an effort to transform colonial societies in the Western image. • Association – implying collaboration with local elites while leaving local traditions alone.
Maurya Empire • This dynasty forced Alexander’s successors to withdraw from India • Asoka Greatest Emperor to rule India • Enlarged Empire • Converted to Buddhism • His death 232 B.C. • When the Republic of India was established in 1950, its flag exhibited Asoka’s “Wheel of Law” in the center.
Begins as small kingdom on the Ganges plain Enlarged to include Northern India Ruled according to Buddhist beliefs Art, literature, science, industry flourish Arabic numerals were invented Arabs merely introduced numbers to the West Indians also invented the zero and decimal system Known for dyes, chemistry, rust proof iron and fixed writing i.e. Sanskrit. Trade relations develop with other nations like Rome (short in length) Disrupted 500 A.D Gupta Empire 326-500 A.D
Europe • Divided into small warring kingdoms • India far more advance • Of all cultures on earth civility would not be used to describe Northern Europeans • Much of what we will know about science and technology was passed through the Arab empires to Northern Europe • Even language is similar
East India Company 1700s English EIC successfully promoted a monopoly Sold cotton, silk, sugar, and jute (cash crops) To maintain profits EIC got involved in politics and military of India
IEC Con’t • Practice Commercial Colonialism – it controlled India’s foreign trade and used its army to keep friendly officials in power. • Created an army of SEPOYS – Indian soldiers who served in European armies
SEPOY REBELLION • Rumors of bullet cartridges used by Sepoy greased with beef or pork fat • Angered Hindus and Muslims respectfully (Muslims will not eat cleft hoofed animals)
Causes Christianity Threat to power Hardships in Life Hierarchy Effect *EIC loses control over India British Government takes over colonial rule British Army used to suppress uprising Queen becomes Empress of India “India is the Jewel of the British Crown.” Cause and Effect
Impact of British Rule • Economically India was tied with Britain used for raw materials and markets • Cash Crops verses Food Crops • Starvation verses Population Increase • Infrastructure • Education verses Tradition
Nationalism • Periodic uprising does not threaten British control • 1885 Indian Middle calls for political party : Indian National Congress. • 1900s - movement towards independence • Mohandas Gandhi – used peace to establish independence, unites Hindu population but British not threaten due to the divide among the Hindu and Muslim religious groups.
Hindu Religion How is Hinduism different from other faiths?Hinduism has no founder, single teacher nor any prophets. Hinduism is not a Single Religion. Hinduism is the practices of a variety of different religious groups which come out of India. What do Hindus believe?For many Hindus, religion is a matter of practice rather than of beliefs. It's more what you do, than what you believe. Hindus believe in a universal soul or God called Brahman. Brahman takes on many forms that some Hindus worship as gods or goddesses in their own right. Hindus believe that there is a part of Brahman in everyone and this is called the Atman. Hindus believe that existence is a cycle of birth, death, and rebirth, governed by Karma. Hindus aim to live in a way that will cause each of their lives to be better than the life before.
Compliance with the rules of the caste systemThe caste system is the way society is divided into different groups. Each group has rules of conduct to be obeyed. Caste is a matter of birth. You cannot apply to become a member of another caste and a change of job won't affect it. Change can only come about by re birth and the caste into which you are born depends on the acts committed in your previous life ( Karma). Caste System
Muslim Religion A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم) is an adherent of Islam. Literally, the word means someone who has submitted/surrendered himself or herself to the will of God. Most Muslims accept as a fellow Muslim anyone who has sincerely pronounced the Shahada, a ritual declaration of submission to God and assertion that Muhammad is the last prophet. Muslims describe many Biblical figures, such as Musa (Moses) and Isa (Jesus), as Muslims because they submitted completely to God.
