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The Solar System

The Solar System. Historical Perspective. Ptolemy (90 – 168 A.D.). Developed system that allowed him to predict location of planets . Planets on small circular orbitals, called epicycles . Geocentric solar system – Earth was center of orbits. System used until 16th century.

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The Solar System

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  1. The Solar System

  2. Historical Perspective Ptolemy (90 – 168 A.D.) • Developed system that allowed him to predict location of planets. • Planets on small circular orbitals, called epicycles. • Geocentric solar system – Earth was center of orbits. • System used until 16th century.

  3. Historical Perspective Copernicus (1473 – 1543 A.D.) • Heliocentric solar system – sun was center of orbits. • Earth was planet and rotated. • Planets orbiting around sun explained retrograde motion of Mars, because Earth moves faster than Mars.

  4. Retrograde Motion Of Mars

  5. Planet Orbits Inner Planets Outer Planets Planet orbits are elliptical (slightly oval in shape)

  6. Solar System Scale Sizes Of The Planets And Sun Compared

  7. Solar System Scale Planet Distance From Sun Compared (1 meter @ Troy = 1,000,000 miles in real solar system)

  8. Sun Mercury (36 meters) Venus (67 meters) Earth (93 meters) Mars (142 meters) (1 meter @ Troy = 1,000,000 miles in real solar system)

  9. Inner Planets (1 meter @ Troy = 1,000,000 miles in real solar system) Jupiter (483 meters) Saturn (886 meters) Uranus (1,787 meters) Neptune (2,799 meters)

  10. Solar System Scale Sizes And Distances

  11. The Sun

  12. How Does The Sun Make Its Energy? • Nuclear Fusion - Combining the nuclei of lighter elements to get heavier elements. • E=mc2 means that matter can be converted to energy. • You know the 3 states of matter found on Earth; they are solid, liquid, and gas. • A fourth state of matter exists it is called plasma and is made of charged particles. • This state of matter exists in stars.

  13. What Is In Plasma? • The atom contains charged particles called subatomic particles (Ions). • The particles in the nuclei are called protons and have a positive charge. • The particles outside the nuclei are called electrons and have a negative charge. • In the plasma state these particles are separated. • Under extreme conditions the nuclei fuse, this is called nuclear fusion.

  14. What Does The Sun’s Fusion Look Like? + 4 Hydrogen Atoms Fusion 1 Helium Atom Energy

  15. The Inner Planets Mercury Mars Venus Earth

  16. Inner Planet Characteristics • Distance From Sun: Closer • Length Of Year: Shorter • Size: Smaller • Density: Higher • Planet Structure: Core: Metallic Mantle: Silicate • Surface: Canyons, Craters, Mountains, and Volcanoes • Atmosphere: Secondary – Thin And Volcanically Created • Rings: None • Moons: Few - None

  17. The Outer Planets Neptune Uranus Jupiter Saturn

  18. Outer Planet Characteristics • Distance From Sun: Farther • Length Of Year: Longer • Size: Larger • Density: Lower • Planet Structure: Core: Small & Solid Interior: Liquid (Ju&Sa) Ice (Ur&Ne) Atmosphere: Gas • Surface:Gas • Atmosphere: Primary – Thick And Created From Nebula • Rings:Yes • Moons: Many

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