Nobel Prizes in Medicine or Physiology Related to Neuroscience

1. Nobel Prizes in Medicine or PhysiologyRelated to Neuroscience محمد توکلي سمينار سوم درس فيزيولوژي مغز و شناخت – دکتر غريب زاده زمستان 1386

2. Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology (Since 1901)

3. 1906 • Camillo Golgi (Italy) and Santiago Ramón y Cajal (Spain) “in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system” C. Golgi S. R. Cajal

4. 1910 • Albrecht Kossel (Germany) “in recognition of the contributions to our knowledge of cell chemistry made through his work on proteins, including the nucleic substances” A. Kossel

5. 1924 • Willem Einthoven (Netherlands) “for the discovery of the mechanism of the electrocardiogram” W. Einthoven

6. 1929 (Shared) • Christiaan Eijkman (Netherlands) “for his discovery of the antineuritic vitamin” C. Eijkman

7. 1932 • Sir Charles Scott Sherrington (UK) & Edgar Douglas Adrian (UK) “for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons” C. S. Sherrington E. D. Adrian

8. 1936 • Sir Henry Hallett Dale (UK) & Otto Loewi (Germany, Austria, US) “for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses” H. H. Dale O. Loewi

9. 1944 • Joseph Erlanger (US) & Herbert Spencer Gasser (US) “in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system” J. Erlanger H. S. Gasser

10. 1947 (Shared) • Bernardo Alberto Houssay (Argentina) “for his discovery of the part played by the hormone of the anterior pituitary lobe in the metabolism of sugar” B. A. Houssay

11. 1947 (Shared) • Carl Ferdinand Cori (Czechoslovakia, US) & Gerty Theresa Cori (Czechoslovakia, US) “for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen” C. F. Cori G. T. Cori

12. 1949 (Shared) • Walter Rudolf Hess (Switzerland) “for his discovery of the functional organization of the interbrain as a coordinator of the activities of the internal organs” W. R. Hess

13. 1949 (Shared) • Antonio Caetano De Abreu Freire Egas Moniz (Portugal) “for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy in certain psychoses” A. C. Moniz

14. 1954 • John Franklin Enders (US), Thomas Huckle Weller (US), and Frederick Chapman Robbins (US) “for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue” J. F. Enders T. H. Weller F. C. Robbins

15. 1963 • Sir John Carew Eccles (Australia), Alan Lloyd Hodgkin (UK) , Andrew Fielding Huxley (UK) “for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane” J. C. Eccles A. L. Hodgkin A. F. Huxley

16. 1967 • George Wald (US), Ragnar Granit (Finland, Sweden), and Haldan Keffer Hartline (US) “for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye.” G. Wald R. Granit H. K. Hartline

17. 1970 • Sir Bernard Katz (West Germany, UK), Ulf von Euler (Sweden), Julius Axelrod (United States) “for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmittors in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation” B. Katz U. von Euler H. J. Axelrod

18. 1973 • Karl von Frisch (Austria), Konrad Lorenz (Austria), Nikolaas Tinbergen (Netherlands) “for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns” K. von Frisch K. Lorenz N. Tinbergen

19. 1977 (Shared) • Roger Guillemin (France, US), Andrew Viktor Schally (US) “for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain” R. Guillemin A. V. Schally

20. 1977 (Shared) • Rosalyn Yalow (US) “for the development of radioimmunoassay of peptide hormones” R. Yalow

21. 1979 • Allan M. Cormack (South Africa, US), Godfrey N. Hounsfield (UK) “for the development of computer assisted tomography” A. M. Cormack G. N. Hounsfield

22. 1981 (Shared) • Roger W. Sperry (US) “for his discoveries concerning the functional specialization of the cerebral hemispheres” R. W. Sperry

23. 1981 (Shared) • David H. Hubel (US), Torsten N. Wiesel (Sweden) “for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system” D. H. Hubel T. N. Wiesel

24. 1991 • Erwin Neher (Germany), Bert Sakmann (Germany) “for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells” E. Neher B. Sakmann

25. 1994 • Alfred G. Gilman (US), Martin Rodbell (US) “for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells” A. G. Gilman M. Rodbell

26. 1999 • Günter Blobel (Germany, US) “for the discovery that proteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell” G. Blobel

27. 2000 • Arvid Carlsson (Sweden), Paul Greengard (US), Eric R. Kandel (US) “for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system” A. Carlsson P. Greengard E. R. Kandel

28. 2003 • Paul Lauterbur (US), Sir Peter Mansfield (UK) “for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging” P. Lauterbur P. Mansfield

29. 2004 • Richard Axel (US), Linda B. Buck (US) “for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system” R. Axel L. B. Buck

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31. But this is NOT an END