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Periodic Table Cont.

Periodic Table Cont. Putting things in categories Quick Write. Write a paragraph that compares the fruit on the table. Some things to think about: What characteristics do the lime and lemon share? What characteristics do the apples have in common?

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Periodic Table Cont.

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  1. Periodic Table Cont.

  2. Putting things in categoriesQuick Write • Write a paragraph that compares the fruit on the table. Some things to think about: • What characteristics do the lime and lemon share? • What characteristics do the apples have in common? • What about the apples and the lime or the mango? • How does this relate to the periodic table?

  3. Groups and Electrons • You probably know a family where many of the people in the family look alike. Why do they all look similar? • Most of the elements in the groups (families) of elements have similar properties, just like a family. • The elements in each group have similar properties because the atoms of the elements have the same number of electrons in their outer electron cloud. • Draw an atom of Lithium and one of Sodium

  4. All atoms are most stable when they have a completed outer shell • To accomplish this, atoms will take, give, or share electrons with other atoms. • Elements whose atoms undergo such processes are called reactive. • The group number for each group matches the number of electrons in the outer shell

  5. Element Groups

  6. Working with your partner, fill in the chart you created for group one from the info on page 202. • Then we will check what you learned so be prepared to share!

  7. Quick Lab: Heat Conduction Procedure: • When you receive your cup, write down at least 2 observations about the two items in the cup • When directed, take out the materials. Everyone feel the two objects with your hands. Analysis (Copy Questions): • Which material conducted thermal energy better? • How can you tell? • What group do you think each material is in? • Which Category?

  8. Group 1: Alkali Metals • Alkali metals are elements in Group 1 of the periodic table. • Alkali metals are the most reactive metals. Their atoms easily give away the one electron in the outer level of their atoms. • Alkali metals are so reactive that in nature they are found only combined with other elements.

  9. Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals • Alkaline-earth metals are elements in Group 2. They are less reactive than alkali metals are. • Atoms of alkaline-earth metals have two electrons in their outer level. • Group 2 elements and their compounds have many uses.

  10. Groups 3-12: Transition Metals • Elements of Groups 3-12 are called transition metals. • Transition metals are less reactive than alkali metals and alkaline-earth metals. • The lanthanides and actinides make up two rows of transition metals that are placed at the bottom of the table to save space.

  11. Transition metals have 1, 2 or 3 electrons in the outer level of their atoms. So, the properties of the transition metals vary. • But because these elements are metals, they share the properties of metals.

  12. Group 13: Boron Group • The elements in Group 13 have 3 electrons in the outer level of their atoms. • Elements in Group 13 are reactive. • Group 13 contains one metalloid and five metals. Aluminum is the most common element in Group 13.

  13. Group 14: Carbon Group • The elements in Group 14 have 4 electrons in the outer level of their atoms. Their reactivity varies. • Group 14 contains metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. • Diamond and soot are both natural forms of the nonmetal carbon.

  14. Group 15: Nitrogen Group • The elements in Group 15 have 5 electrons in the outer level of their atoms. Their reactivity varies. • Group 15 contains metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.

  15. Group 16: Oxygen Group • The elements in Group 16 have 6 electrons in the outer level of their atoms. These elements are reactive. • Group 16 contains metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.

  16. Group 17:The Halogens • The elements in Group 17 are called halogens. They have 7 electrons in the outer level of their atoms. • Halogens are very reactive because their atoms need to gain only one electron to have a complete outer level. • All halogens are nonmetals.

  17. Group 18: Noble Gases • The elements in Group 18 are called noble gases. Atoms of noble gases have a full set of electrons in their outer level. • Noble gases are unreactive. These elements were first called inert gases. • All noble gases are nonmetals.

  18. Hydrogen • The properties of hydrogen do not match the properties of any single group, so hydrogen is set apart in the table. • Hydrogen has one electron in the outer level of its atoms. Hydrogen is reactive. • Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe.

  19. Homework: Find Elements at Home • Read labels of products you have at home and find at least 5 ingredients that have chemical names. (example: Potassium Chloride) • Be prepared to turn these in Friday.

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