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Periodic Table

Periodic Table. Coloring the periodic Table. Hydrogen is a NONMETAL despite its placement on the left hand side of the P.Table . Metals-Left of “staircase” Nonmetals-Right of “staircase” Alkali metals-first family Alkaline Earth metals-second family Halogens-second to last family

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Periodic Table

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  1. Periodic Table

  2. Coloring the periodic Table • Hydrogen is a NONMETAL despite its placement on the left hand side of the P.Table. • Metals-Left of “staircase” • Nonmetals-Right of “staircase” • Alkali metals-first family • Alkaline Earth metals-second family • Halogens-second to last family • Noble gases-last family • Lanthanides-pulled out first row • Actinides-pulled out second row

  3. Families-Alkali Metals • Group 1 (excluding Hydrogen) • React with water violently! • Lose a valence electron to become 1+ • Cations • Soft, highly reactive, good conductors of heat and electricity,

  4. Alkali Metals • Li • Lithium batteries, lithium in dehumidifiers, strengthens glass, used to treat mood swings, fireworks. • Na • Found in table salt, vapor lamps, sodium potassium pump in animals to create gradient in cells, fireworks. • K • Active transport pump, nerve cell conduction, fertilizer, salt substitute, fireworks.

  5. Families-Alkaline Earth Metals • Group 2 • Shiny solids, harder than alkali metals • Lose 2 valence electrons, 2+ charge • Cations • React with water (except Beryllium) • React with oxygen

  6. Alkaline Earth Metals • Calcium- • bones, teeth, bloodstream, limestone, chalk, marble, coral reef, • Magnesium- • alloys of magnesium and aluminum and zinc are strong, but light • Plants need it to make chlorophyll • Found in hard water (makes it difficult for soap to work properly • Strontium-fireworks-red color

  7. Families-Halogens • Group 17 (sometimes referred to as 7A) • Forms compounds with almost all metals. • Gain one valence electron to become 1- charge • Anions

  8. Halogens • Fluorine • Toothpaste, drinking water • Chlorine • Gas at room temperature, deadly gas, bleaching agents, anesthetics at the dentist, disinfects water, found in stomach acid. • Bromine • Used in photographic film • Iodine • Need in diet to maintain healthy thyroid gland, kills bacteria

  9. Families-Noble Gases • Group 18 (sometimes listed as 8A) • Last naturally occurring elements to be discovered. • Xe will react with F (F is so reactive) • Fairly inert (stable) • Gas at room temperature

  10. Noble Gases • He- • used to inflate balloons, sun, deep sea diving tanks • Ne- • light displays (electricity excites electrons, when they fall it releases energy in the form of light) • Ar- • most abundant noble gas on Earth, atmosphere, welding,

  11. Metals • Left of staircase • Cations • Give up electrons • Good conductors of heat and electricity • High melting and boiling points. • Generally solids, at room temperature. • Malleable (sheets) and Ductile (wire)

  12. Metalloids • Either side of the staircase • Physical and chemical properties of both metals and nonmetals. • Used in computer chips and solar cells • Germanium and Silicon are the most used. • B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po,

  13. Nonmetals • Upper right side of periodic table (right of staircase) • Generally gases, • Generally brittle and dull • Poor conductors of heat and electricity • The only liquid at room temperature is Bromine, others are all gases

  14. Groups-Review • 1-18 as you go Across in the periodic table.

  15. Valence electrons • The number of electrons occupying the outermost energy level. • 1-8, s and p blocks. • 1-8 main group elements. • Each family has the SAME number of valence electrons.

  16. blocks • s, p, d, f

  17. Review Questions • The group with one valence electron and very reactive with water is the….. Alkali metals

  18. Review Questions • The block that contains alkali metals and alkaline earth metals. S block

  19. Review Questions • The elements that are ON the staircase are referred to as……..because they have both properties of metals and nonmetals. metalloids

  20. Review Questions • Fluorine is in the family….. halogens

  21. Review Questions • Group 13 contains how many valence electrons? 3

  22. Review Questions • Group 18 contains how many valence electrons? 8 except for Helium which only contains 2

  23. Review Questions • These elements are good conductors of heat and electricity and make up most of the elements on the periodic table. metals

  24. Review Questions • These are mostly gases at room temperature except Bromine which is a liquid at room temperature. nonmetals

  25. Review Questions • At atom that loses an electron is termed a…. cation

  26. Review Questions • An atom that gains an electron is termed an…. anion

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