INTRODUCTION TO ANATOMY

1. INTRODUCTION TO ANATOMY Components of Fitness Joints Anatomical Terms

2. Components of Fitness • Fitness = achieved by regular exercise, proper diet and adequate rest • Fitness is two dimensional: • Health Related – all important body parts are in good working order and are exercised regularly • Skill Related - able to participate in a high level of sport or rigorous physical activity

3. Health Related Fitness Components • Cardiorespiratory Fitness – ability of the heart and lungs to supply oxygen and energy to the muscles. Builds endurance • Muscular Strength – ability to exert force or life a heavy weight. • Muscular Endurance – ability of muscles to word over a long period of time. • Flexibility – ability of the muscles to stretch, prevents injuries

4. Health Related Fitness Componentscont’d • Body Composition – refers to the distribution of muscle and fat throughout the body. • A healthy body composition means that the body has enough fat to provide it with energy, and enough muscle to perform a variety of activities.

5. Skill Related Fitness Components Skill – the ability to do something efficiently and well • Agility – ability to change direction rapidly and accurately • Balance – ability to maintain equilibrium when moving or standing still • Coordination – ability to combine balance and agility while moving • Power – ability to apply maximum effort in as short a time as possible

6. Skill Related Fitness Components • Reaction Time – ability to respond to a situation in as short a time as possible • Speed – ability to cover a short distance as quickly as possible. Generated by a combination of all the skills listed so far.

7. Joints • Where 2 or more bones make contact. They are connected by ligaments, tendons and muscle. • They are classified structurally and functionally • Structural classification - determined by how the bones connect to each other • Functional classification is determined by the degree of movement between the articulating bones.

8. Types of Movement at Joints • Handout (pgs. 36, 37) + Anatomical Terms Anatomical Position– common starting point from which we describe and analyze body parts and body movements.  standing erect with head, eyes and toes pointing forward  feet together, arms slightly out to the side  Palms of hands facing forward

9. Musculoskeletal System • Anatomical Position • The body is erect, the arms are down at the sides, and the palms face forward.

10. Describing positions and relationships 1. Anterior – refers to front of the body 2. Posterior – refers to back of the body • ex. abdominals are anterior to your spine 3. Superior – above, or towards your head 4. Inferior – below, or towards your feet • ex. nose is superior to your mouth

11. Describing positions and relationships cont’d 5. Medial – closer to the midline (divides the body in equal halves) 6. Lateral – further from midline • ex. chest is medial and shoulder is lateral 7. Proximal – closer to your body 8. Distal – further from your body • ex. foot is distal end of leg, thigh is proximal end

12. Planes of Movement • Standing in anatomical reference position, all three cardinal planes intersect at the body’s COM/COG • Anatomical Planes of the Human Body • The sagittal plane slices the body into left-right sections. • The frontal plane slices the body into front-back sections. • The transverse plane slices the body into upper-lower sections.

13. Figure 4.10 Figure 4.10

14. Describing movement • Worksheet 1.2 / textbook pgs 20, 21.