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Lecture 5 OE Grammar

Lecture 5 OE Grammar. Helpan (Infinitive) - h u lp on (Past Plural) ge- yfel (bad) - wiersa – wierest bēon, wesan. A synthetic language: grammatical ending sound interchange grammatical prefixes suppletive formation . OE Noun. Gender Number Case.

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Lecture 5 OE Grammar

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  1. Lecture 5 OE Grammar • Helpan (Infinitive) - hulpon (Past Plural) • ge- • yfel (bad) - wiersa – wierest • bēon, wesan

  2. A synthetic language: • grammatical ending • sound interchange • grammatical prefixes • suppletive formation

  3. OE Noun • Gender • Number • Case

  4. Uses of the Old English Cases • Nominative • Accusative • Genitive • Dative • Instrumental

  5. Nominative: se cyning • Accusative: Æþelbald lufode þone cyning "Æþelbald loved the king“ • Genitive: þæs cyninges scip • Dative: hringas þæm cyninge • Instrumental: lifde sweorde - "he lived by the sword"

  6. Noun declension

  7. A-stemMasculine

  8. Scip (Neuter) – ship • Tale (Feminine) tale

  9. Masculine: earm (an arm), eorl, hring (a ring), Neuter dor (a gate), hof (a courtyard), bearn (a child), dēor(an animal)

  10. U-declensionOE sunu- son

  11. Weak declension 

  12. Root-stems • The old case endings were added directly to the final consonant of the root (no stem suffix) • The i-mutation rule • The root vowel is changed during the declension • Eg. fōt

  13. Examples of root stems • hnutu • gōs • mūs • tōþ • bōc • lūs

  14. r-stems for family relatives : dohtor mōdor • (e)s-stems for children and cubs: cild 'a child', cealf 'a calf‘ lamb

  15. nd –stems • frēond, • Hettend • Hælend • Wealend • āgend

  16. OE Pronouns

  17. Demonstrative pronouns • sē, sēo, þæt • þēs, þēōs, þis

  18. Demonstrative pronouns

  19. Interrogative pronouns • hwā?(who?) and hwæt? (what?)

  20. hwilc?(which)

  21. Definite pronouns • gehwā (every) – declined as hwā; • gehwilc (each), ǣgÞer (either), ǣlc (each), swilc (such) 3. sē ilca – declined as a weak adjective.

  22. Indefinite pronouns sum (some), ǣnig (any) • Negative nān, nǣning (no) – declined as strong adjectives.

  23. I. • What kind of declension type of OE do you remember? • What type of declension did such nouns as tooth, foot, man, goose, mouse belong to in OE? II. • What kinds of pronouns existed in OE? • Which pronouns had the dual number?

  24. Strongtype of declension • Strong • Þā men sindon gōde • gōd man • sē gōda man, þy betstan lēōde(with the best song).

  25. Weak adjectives • sē gōda man, • þy betstan lēōde(with the best song).

  26. The Old English Adjective

  27. Degrees of comparison

  28. suppletiveformsofcomparativeandsuperlative

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