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Government

Government. Mr. Williams-Virden. DO NOW:. What is government? . AGENDA How did government start?. Do Now

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Government

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  1. Government Mr. Williams-Virden

  2. DO NOW: What is government?

  3. AGENDAHow did government start? • Do Now • Objective: 8.12a.1 Analyze the influence of Greek, Roman, English, and leading European political thinkers such as John Locke, Charles-Louis Montesquieu, Niccolo Machiavelli, and William Blackstone on the development of American government • Greek and Roman- What did they do? Group Think • Think-Pair-Share- Where do you see similarities and differences between the Greek and Roman systems and ours? • Group share • Ticket out

  4. Essential Questions • What is the purpose of government? • Has it always been like this?

  5. Greece Beginnings of different branches - Assembly, Council of 500, and the peoples court Male citizens could participate. Citizenship was defined as both parents being native born Athenians Peoples Court

  6. Rome Republic Didn’t have written laws- poor people (commoners, plebians) would get in trouble for breaking laws they didn’t know existed Consul (two), Senate, and Assemblies (Tribal, Centuriate) Only men could participate (Patriarchy) Wealthy people had most power- Wealthiest voted first Senate was very powerful (ran Rome)

  7. Did they really affect us? Greek and Rome USA • Republic, and Democracy • Branches of government (assemblies) • People can vote (men only) • Wealthy had more of a say • Checks and Balances (control power) • Peoples Court • Peoples Court • Branches of Government • Parties (Centuries, diversity of people represented) • Check and Balances • Citizen to vote • Wealthy still have more of a say • Men only (1920’s)

  8. John Locke • English philosopher 1632-1704 • “father of liberalism” • Most well known work “ Two Treatise of Government” • Taught religious tolerance • Laid foundation for understanding the purpose of government • State of nature is anarchic with only the laws of nature ruling them. Laws should govern by these laws alone.

  9. John Locke • Because the laws of nature are ill enforced humans organize into societies with laws to enforce these natural laws. • Locke’s "social contract" states that the people give up certain freedoms in exchange for a stable government that rules according to the laws of nature. Many of Locke's principles found their way into the democratic constitutions the world around, as well as in the supporting minds of several founding fathers of the United States, such as Thomas Jefferson

  10. Charles-Louis Montesquieu • French philosopher 1689-1755 • Wrote “The Spirit of the Laws” in which he argues for the separation of powers: • “constant experience shows us that every man invested with power is apt to abuse it … it is necessary from the very nature of things that power should be a check to power

  11. Charles-Louis Montesquieu • “Certain arrangements make it easier for the three powers to check one another. Montesquieu argues that the legislative power alone should have the power to tax, since it can then deprive the executive of funding if the latter attempts to impose its will arbitrarily. Likewise, the executive power should have the right to veto acts of the legislature, and the legislature should be composed of two houses, each of which can prevent acts of the other from becoming law. The judiciary should be independent of both the legislature and the executive, and should restrict itself to applying the laws to particular cases in a fixed and consistent manner, so that “the judicial power, so terrible to mankind, … becomes, as it were, invisible”, and people “fear the office, but not the magistrate”

  12. Niccolo Machiavelli • Italian thinker during the Rennissance 1469-???? • Best known for “The Prince” in which he argues that the “end justifies the means” • ““one can say this in general of men: they are ungrateful, disloyal, insincere and deceitful, timid of danger and avid of profit…. Love is a bond of obligation which these miserable creatures break whenever it suits them to do so; but fear holds them fast by a dread of punishment that never passes”

  13. Niccolo Machiavelli • Power is the main crux of his thoughts. It can be summed up as such: “Machiavellian perspective directly attacks the notion of any grounding for authority independent of the sheer possession of power. For Machiavelli, people are compelled to obey purely in deference to the superior power of the state. If I think that I should not obey a particular law, what eventually leads me to submit to that law will be either a fear of the power of the state or the actual exercise of that power” From Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

  14. So… What is the purpose of government?

  15. Ticket Out • Match 1)Locke A) power checked 2)Rome B) wealthy had power 3)Montesquieu C) natural law 4)Machiavelli D) direct democracy 5)Greece E) end justifies the means

  16. Do Now • Write five (5) things you found interesting/difficult to understand from the reading

  17. Vocabulary • Partial Description- not telling all of • Romanticism- to make something “romantic”- or sound nice and appealing. Making look good. • Procure- to take possession of • Astuteness- to be very aware • Mustered- summon, built up • Dissortation- the final product to achieve one’s phD • Discourses- conversations about • Subservience- to be of a lower level, always less than i.e. a pawn to a queen in chess or a servant to master

  18. Socratic Seminar • How has Machiavelli affected American policy? • Overall, is it a positive or negative influence?

  19. Ticket Out • Summarize the influences on American Government

  20. Do Now The Star Tribune wants to run a piece about John Locke and has asked you to contribute your thoughts on his ideas about government. What will you say…..

  21. Standard • 8.12a.1 Analyze the influence of Greek, Roman, English, and leading European political thinkers such as John Locke, Charles-Louis Montesquieu, Niccolo Machiavelli, and William Blackstone on the development of American government

  22. Assessment • Short Essay- Answer on loose leaf paper. We have been looking at systems and ideas that have shaped American government. Discuss how each element we went over influenced American government. 4.0- Discuss in your essay which element is the most important and why?

  23. Do Now In your own words what does it mean to analyze something?

  24. Reviewing • Complete the chart detailing the influences on American government.

  25. Think Pair Share • What would an analysis of these influences need to include?

  26. Ticket Out • Analyze the video and song.

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