International Biodiversity Observation Year (IBOY) 2001-2002 The Need The Plan

2. International Biodiversity • Observation Year (IBOY) 2001-2002 • The Need • The Plan • Development and Structure • IBOY Projects • Add-on Value of the IBOY Secretariat • IBOY Legacies

3. Biodiversity Definition The UN Convention on Biological Diversity Biological diversity - the variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part This includes genetic diversity within species, diversity between species and diversity of ecosystems.

4. The Need for an IBOY: • The Need to Conserve Biodiversity: • maintains ecosystem functioning • provides ecosystem goods and services • threatened by global change - extinction rates 1000x background • 90% species still unknown to science • The Need for Concerted Science-based Action to: • understand biodiversity and its importance for ecosystems and society • promote societally useful research • communicate science-based information to end-users (managers, farmers)

5. The Plan • IBOY 2001-2002 • DIVERSITAS initiates a two year pulse of activity within the biodiversity research community to: • Build scientific capacity- promote and integrate biodiversity research, and advance a holistic understanding of biodiversity • Outreach- increase communication of science-based biodiversity information to all sectors of society

6. Development of IBOY • 1997 - DIVERSITAS in Western Pacific and Asia (DIWPA) propose regional IBOY • 1998 - DIVERSITAS approve global IBOY • September 1999 - IBOY Secretariat launched with ICSU Grant • 2000 - International endorsement: • International Botanical congress • IUCN • CBD COP 5 • UNESCO • IUBS • SCOPE • IUMS • Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Private

7. IBOY Around the World 106 Projects; 151 Countries: > US$100 Million Core Network Projects Satellite Projects

8. IBOY Legacy: Strengthened Sustainability Science 47 Core Network Projects 59 Satellite Projects Common Questions What biodiversity do we have and where is it? What goods and services does biodiversity provide? How is biodiversity changing? How can we conserve biodiversity? Multiple Approaches • E-conferences and surveys • Publications for scientists, end-users • Databases • Webpages • Inventorying and monitoring • Manipulative experiments • Meetings for training, networking & synthesis Integration • Networks for biodiversity research and conservation • Information transfer • Science communication Steering Committee Advisory Board Secretariat Capacity Building Outreach

9. IBOY Legacy: Strengthened Sustainability Science 47 Core Network Projects 59 Satellite Projects Common Questions What biodiversity do we have and where is it? What goods and services does biodiversity provide? How is biodiversity changing? How can we conserve biodiversity? Multiple Approaches Integration • Networks for biodiversity research and conservation • Information transfer • Science communication Steering Committee Advisory Board Secretariat Capacity Building Outreach

10. What biodiversity do we have and where is it?

11. Why? Inventory of Caterpillars, their Parasitoids, Food Plants, and Gut Microbes, in Costa Rican Forests Project Leader: Dr. Daniel Janzen NSF NIH ACG INBIO MINAE COSTA RICA IBOY GEF SWEDEN NORWAY HOLLAND UK PRIVATE

12. Inventory of Caterpillars (Con’t) • Tropical caterpillars are: • Major consumers of tropical vegetation • Source of chemicals for bioprospecting • Juvenile form of pollinating insects • Yet, one of the least well-known groups of • terrestrial macroscopic organisms NSF NIH ACG INBIO MINAE COSTA RICA IBOY GEF SWEDEN NORWAY HOLLAND UK PRIVATE

13. Inventory of Caterpillars (Con’t) • Photographed 2,200 previously unknown caterpillar species, linked them with their food plants , parasitoids and adult forms and put information online • Trained and established careers for >70 Costa Rican parataxonomists and IT specialists • Helped establish the Costa Rican National Biodiversity Inventory (INBio) and the World Heritage Site, Area Conservacion Guanacaste through “biodiversity development” • ~ 6,000 species remain to be identified, in an area the size of a large city. http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu NSF NIH ACG INBIO MINAE COSTA RICA IBOY GEF SWEDEN NORWAY HOLLAND UK PRIVATE

14. AntBase Project Leader: Dr. Donat Agosti

15. AntBase (Con’t) • AntBase Capacity Building • Facilitates sharing of resources to reduce parallel efforts • Enables voluminous data to be mined in new ways • Facilitates data access from the field • Antbase Content • Single portal to multiple data types • Customized information retrieval and processing

16. What ecosystem goods and services does biodiversity provide?

17. GLIDE Global Litter Invertebrate Decomposition Experiment Project Leaders: Drs. Diana Wall, David Bignell, Mark Dangerfield

18. GLIDE Sites Locations with 2 GLIDE Sites GLIDE (Con’t) 20 Countries; 39 Experimental Sites

19. GLIDE (Con’t) • 34 059 specimens • 22 sites in 13 countries • 35 orders represented • Composition differs: • between continent • between countries • between sites www.biotrack.mq.edu.au

20. Biodiversity: Its importance for Human Health A Project of the Center for Health and the Global Environment, Harvard Medical School under the auspices of the World Health Organization and the United Nations Environment Programme Project Leader: Dr. Eric Chivian

21. Biodiversity: Its importance for Human Health (Con’t) • Suggested Policy Objectives to Conserve The Benefits to Human Health that Biodiversity Provides: • Improve understanding of the links between human health and biodiversity • Asses impacts on biodiversity for all extractive land use activities • Control the anthropogenic drivers that threaten biodiversity to sustainably manage: • integrity of natural ecosystems and goods and services they provide • species important for medicine • species and ecosystems vital for world food production • Incorporate human health issues into CBD National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans and incorporate biodiversity assessments into national health information systems • www.med.harvard.edu/chge/resources.html

22. How is biodiversity changing?

23. DIWPA-IBOYBiodiversity Assessment Program in the Western Pacific and Asia Region: a baseline for understanding global change Project Leader: Dr. Tohru Nakashizuka http://ecology.kyoto-u.ac.jp/~gaku/diwpaindex.html

24. DIWPA-IBOY (Con’t) • Inventorying biodiversity of forests, lakes, rivers and coasts • >30 sites in 20 countries • Discovering many species new to science - 30% in some taxonomic groups • Published standardized protocols as a book • Trained >50 young scientists from Indonesia, Japan and Malaysia

25. Africa Project Leader: Dr. Norbert Jürgens BIOTA West Yemen BIOTA East Development of interdisciplinary strategies for the sustainable management and conservation of biodiversity in Africa BIOTA South Namibia South Africa Botanical Institute University of Hamburg, Germany Concept: BIOTA S06, 2002

26. A network of observatories with standardized methodologies Climatology Remote Sensing Socioeconomic Analyses (begin 2003) Botany Modeling Zoology Animal Production Mycology Soil Science At local and regional scales Biodiversity distribution and dynamics Biophysical and socioeconomic divers of change Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning Science-based, socio-economically feasible solutions for managing biodiversity Modeling scenarios of ecological and socioeconomic change and options for action

27. Africa Biodiversity Monitoring Transect Analysis • ResearchNetwork: - 7 African countries: Benin, Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Namibia, South Africa, Yemen • - 42 Biodiversity Observatories • Training: - 50 core local scientists, graduate students trained in field methods and GIS • - Other local stakeholders trained in environmental issues • Data Access: - new internet databases with 10,000+ biological records Botanical Institute University of Hamburg, Germany Concept: BIOTA, 2002

28. Funded under the Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development Programme (Support to Infrastructures) of the European Union. BIOMARE www.biomareweb.org Projcet Leader: Dr. Carlo Heip Implementation and networking of large-scale long-term marine biodiversity research in Europe

29. Funded under the Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development Programme (Support to Infrastructures) of the European Union. BIOMARE (Con’t) • BIOMARE 2001-2002: Building Capacity • Selected a network of 147 European Marine Biodiversity Reference Sites, who’s known taxa, facilities and conservation status provide a basis for long-term large-scale monitoring • 8 sites proposed for All Taxa Biotic Inventory • Developed a standardised set of marine biodiversity measures and indicators • Compiled and networked existing resources for dissemination and networking, and identified needs MARBENA 2003-2005: Implementation • Proposals to begin long-term monitoring • Communication to end-users

30. Recovery of Coral Reef Biodiversity Following Bleaching Project Leaders: Drs. Terry Done and John Ogden

31. Recovery of Coral Reef Biodiversity Following Bleaching (con’t)

32. How can we conserve biodiversity?

33. Indigenous Honey Bees in the Himalayas: A Community-based Approach to Conserving Biodiversity and Increasing Farm Productivity Project Leader: Dr. Farooq Ahmad

34. Publications Conservation and Sustainable Use of Apis cerana Apis labriosa Apis dorsata Publicity Campaign Community Based Action Research Institutional Capacity Building Posters & brochure Policy briefs Six scientific articles Four books Print, radio and TV coverage Pollination field trials Video documentary Media briefing Website 650 bee colonies for genetic selection 14 R&D apiaries >70 community beekeeping groups 300 local trainers 2500 farmers and development workers trained in pollination and bee products microenterprise

35. Conserving and Increasing Use of Neglected and Underutilized Crop Species Project Leader: Dr. Stefano Padulosi

36. Egypt and Yemen - medicinal and aromatic plants mint Conserving and Increasing Use of Neglected and Underutilized Crop Species (Con’t) Bolivia, Peru and Ecuador - Andean grains amaranth India and Nepal - Nutritious millets little millet

37. Conserving and Increasing Use of Neglected and Underutilized Crop Species (Con’t) • A Multiscalar, Multidisciplinary, Participatory Approach: • Biodiversity surveys, collection and characterization • Socio-economic studies • Variety selection and plant breeding • In situ and ex situ conservation • Agricultural development - enhancing seed production, availability, and crop processing • Micro-enterprise development • Education and media campaigns

38. IBOY Legacy: Strengthened Sustainability Science 47 Core Network Projects 59 Satellite Projects Common Questions What biodiversity do we have and where is it? What goods and services does biodiversity provide? How is biodiversity changing? How can we conserve biodiversity? Multiple Approaches • E-conferences and surveys • Publications for scientists, end-users • Databases • Webpages • Inventorying and monitoring • Manipulative experiments • Meetings for training, networking & synthesis Integration • Networks for biodiversity research and conservation • Information transfer • Science communication Steering Committee Advisory Board Secretariat Capacity Building Outreach

39. Secretariat Activities • Capacity Building for Science: networking and information transfer • Webpage - nexus for biodiversity science communication and portal to >150 other databases and www pages • >50 articles in science and conservation press (2 special issues) • Bi-monthly newsletter • 7 international meetings and symposia

40. Secretariat Activities Outreach: raising awareness of biodiversity science among media, policymakers and public • Press releases and media relations • >20 newspaper, magazine and radio articles worldwide • Media communication training to Project Leaders • Policy communications with NGOs, conventions and governments • DIVERSITAS/IBOY Paper for ICSU WSSD Rainbow Series • Presentations and briefings • Public education webpage, fact sheets and posters • National biodiversity events

41. IBOY Legacy: Strengthened Sustainability Science 47 Core Network Projects 59 Satellite Projects Common Questions What biodiversity do we have and where is it? What goods and services does biodiversity provide? How is biodiversity changing? How can we conserve biodiversity? Multiple Approaches • E-conferences and surveys • Publications for scientists, end-users • Databases • Webpages • Inventorying and monitoring • Manipulative experiments • Meetings for training, networking & synthesis Integration • Networks for biodiversity research and conservation • Information transfer • Science communication Advisory Board Steering Committee Secretariat Capacity Building Outreach

42. “The crucial synthesis is linking local action to the global level” Thomas Rosswall, Nature 418, 2002. IBOY Legacies A New Network for Science and Society that is: • (1) building capacity for an integrative scientific understanding of biodiversity • (2) promoting societally useful science • (3) communicating science-based information to end users

43. IBOY Legacies (con’t): (1) Building Science Capacity by Promoting Information Transfer Between: • disciplines • pure and applied research • emerging and established scientific leaders • developed and developing nations • local, regional and global scales • dispersed observation and research sites

44. IBOY Legacies (con’t): • (2) Promoting Societally Useful Research by: • promoting research in developing nations • engaging diverse perspectives • integrating indigenous, local and academic knowledge • linking local, national & global research to the global level

45. IBOY Legacies (con’t): • (3) Communicating Science-Based Information to End-Users • Promoting stakeholder involvement • Training scientists in the skills need, and providing opportunities for communicating with media, policymakers and the public

46. IBOY Legacies (con’t) Strengthening Future Sustainability Science…..? E-conference - Planning how to use IBOY legacies IBOY LEGACIES ICSU and its programs • DIVERSITAS • Understanding, monitoring an predicting biodiversity changes • Assessing impacts of biodiversity changes • Developing the science of conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity

47. Among the many legacies of IBOY is: The discovery of life itself Iboyella

48. Acknowledgements Dr. Gina Adams Ms. Lily Huddleson Dr. Anne Larigauderie Dr. Jane Lubchenco Dr. Harold Mooney Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory The IBOY is an initiative of DIVERSITAS. Intellectual sponsorship is provided by the International Union of Biological Sciences (IUBS), International Union of Microbiological Societies (IUMS), Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE), and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). IBOY has been endorsed by the Sixteenth International Botanical Congress (IBC) and the Second World Conservation Congress of the World Conservation Union (IUCN). The Fifth Conference of the Parties to the Convention of Biological Diversity (CBD) invited parties to participate in the IBOY. Financial sponsorship of IBOY is provided by the US National Science Foundation (NSF) (under Grant No. DEB-0122141), the International Council for Science (ICSU), Center for Applied Biodiversity Science at Conservation International (CABS), the International Group of Funding Agencies (IGFA), DIVERSITAS, and two anonymous US foundations. We acknowledge the support of the US National Committee for DIVERSITAS and the Board on International Scientific Organizations of the National Research Council.