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Bruce Mayer, PE Licensed Electrical & Mechanical Engineer BMayer@ChabotCollege

Engineering 22. Solid Modeling - 1. Bruce Mayer, PE Licensed Electrical & Mechanical Engineer BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu. Learning Goals. Describe How AutoCAD SOLIDs differ from WireFrames and Surfaces Create AutoCAD “Primitive” Solids Box, Wedge, Cylinder, Sphere, etc.

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Bruce Mayer, PE Licensed Electrical & Mechanical Engineer BMayer@ChabotCollege

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  1. Engineering 22 SolidModeling - 1 Bruce Mayer, PE Licensed Electrical & Mechanical EngineerBMayer@ChabotCollege.edu

  2. Learning Goals • Describe How AutoCAD SOLIDs differ from WireFrames and Surfaces • Create AutoCAD “Primitive” Solids • Box, Wedge, Cylinder, Sphere, etc. • Slice and Section 3D Solids • Use ACAD “Boolean” Operations to create Solids • Interfere, Union, Subtract • Combine Primitives to Make new Solids

  3. WireFrame Models The edges and vertices of an object are defined Surfaces and interior are not defined Quick to construct Transparent Complete 3D database Cylinders and spheres difficult Surface Models Surfaces and edges are defined Interior is not defined (volume but no mass) Tedious to construct More complex surfaces (double curved, B-splines) Visualization (rendering, shading, surface texture) WireFrame & Surface Models

  4. Solid Modeling • Full 3D model (represents actual object) • Surface, edge, interior features • Can be cut to show interior detail • Mass properties may be determined • Construction techniques • Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG) • Boundary Representation (B-rep) • Many display options

  5. Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG) • Standard “primitive” shapes • AutoCAD has six primitives: • box, wedge, cone, cylinder, torus, sphere • Primitives are moved into place with 3D commands to assemble the object • Primitives are combined with boolean commands: • union, subtract, intersection

  6. The Primitive Solids

  7. Invoke Solid Shapes • Or Command Line • Box • Sphere • Cylinder • Etc.

  8. Draw Box Command: _box Specify corner of box or [CEnter] <0,0,0>: Specify corner or [Cube/Length]: 10,12,0 Specify height: 7

  9. Draw Cube • Use Cube Option • Pick Edge Length with Mouse Command: box Specify corner of box or [CEnter] <0,0,0>: Specify corner or [Cube/Length]: c Specify length: <Snap on> Specify second point:

  10. Draw Sphere • Set Grid Resolution with IsoLines Command • Pick Center with Mouse • Enter Diameter From KeyBoard Command: isolines Enter new value for ISOLINES <4>: 24 Command: sphere Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=24 Specify center of sphere <0,0,0>: Specify radius of sphere or [Diameter]: d Specify diameter: 7.3

  11. Draw Circular Cylinder • Pick with Mouse • Center • Radius • Height Command: cylinder Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=24 Specify center point for base of cylinder or [Elliptical] <0,0,0>: Specify radius for base of cylinder or [Diameter]: Specify height of cylinder or [Center of other end]: Specify second point:

  12. Draw Elliptical Cylinder • Cylinder Command • Enter from KeyBoard: Ctr, Axes Lengths, Height Command: cylinder Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=36 Specify center point for base of cylinder or [Elliptical] <0,0,0>: e Specify axis endpoint of ellipse for base of cylinder or [Center]: 2,2 Specify second axis endpoint of ellipse for base of cylinder: 2,5.5 Specify length of other axis for base of cylinder: 3.7 Specify height of cylinder or [Center of other end]: 8.7 Command:

  13. Draw Cone • Cone Can have Either Circular or Elliptical Bases Command: cone Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=36 Specify center point for base of cone or [Elliptical] <0,0,0>: e Specify axis endpoint of ellipse for base of cone or [Center]: 3.7,4.1 Specify second axis endpoint of ellipse for base of cone: Specify length of other axis for base of cone: Specify height of cone or [Apex]: 7.3 Circular, 7.3 High Elliptical, 7.3 High

  14. Draw Wedge • Pick Base Corner and opposite Diagonal • Height from KeyBoard Command: wedge Specify first corner of wedge or [CEnter] <0,0,0>: Specify corner or [Cube/Length]: Specify height: 3.7 2nd Base Corner 1st Base Corner

  15. Extrude PolyLine • Extrude Heptagon made with Polygon Tool Command: _polygon Enter number of sides <7>: Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: e Specify first endpoint of edge: Specify second endpoint of edge: Command: pedit Select polyline or [Multiple]: Enter an option [Open/Join/Width/Edit vertex/Fit/Spline/Decurve/Ltype gen/Undo]: w Specify new width for all segments: .1

  16. Extrude PolyLine cont.1 • Extrude Heptagon made with Polygon Tool Command: _-view Enter an option [?/Categorize/lAyer state/Orthographic/Delete/Restore/Save/Ucs/Window]: _seiso Regenerating model. Command: extrude Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=36 Select objects: 1 found Select objects: Specify height of extrusion or [Path]: 9.1 Specify angle of taper for extrusion <0>: Command

  17. Extrude Arbitrary PolyLine • Extrude 2D PolyLine Command: pline Specify start point: Current line-width is 3.4379 Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: h Specify starting half-width <1.7190>: .025 Specify ending half-width <0.0250>: Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: Specify next point or [Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: c

  18. Extrude Arbitrary PolyLine cont.1 • Extrude 2D PolyLine Command: pedit Select polyline or [Multiple]: Enter an option [Open/Join/Width/Edit vertex/Fit/Spline/Decurve/Ltype gen/Undo]: s Command: _-view Enter an option [?/Categorize/lAyer state/Orthographic/Delete/Restore/Save/Ucs/Window]: _seiso Regenerating model. Command: extrude Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=36 Select objects: 1 found Select objects: Specify height of extrusion or [Path]: 13.7 Specify angle of taper for extrusion <0>:

  19. Revolve Shape Command: revolve Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=36 Select objects: 1 found Specify start point for axis of revolution or define axis by [Object/X (axis)/Y (axis)]: Specify endpoint of axis: Specify angle of revolution <360>: 291 • Revolve HeptaGon About Axis Shown

  20. Slice Cylinder w/ Slanted Plane • Make Cylinder • Make, Twist, and Move Rectangle to define Plane Command: cylinder Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=36 Specify center point for base of cylinder or [Elliptical] <0,0,0>: Specify radius for base of cylinder or [Diameter]: Specify height of cylinder or [Center of other end]: 9.7 Command: _rectang Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: Specify other corner point or [Area/Dimensions/Rotation]:

  21. Slice Cylinder w/ Slanted Plane Command: m MOVE Select objects: 1 found Select objects: 1 found, 2 total Select objects: Specify base point or [Displacement] <Displacement>: mid of Specify second point or <use first point as displacement>: 1.25,1.25,3 Command: slice Select objects: 1 found Select objects: Specify first point on slicing plane by [Object/Zaxis/View/XY/YZ/ZX/3points] <3points>: Specify second point on plane: Specify third point on plane: Specify a point on desired side of the plane or [keep Both sides]:

  22. Take Section Thru 3D Solid Along line shown 3D Section Command: section Select objects: 1 found Select objects: Specify first point on Section plane by [Object/Zaxis/View/XY/YZ/ZX/3points] <3points>: Specify second point on plane: Specify third point on plane: Pick Pts   • Section Picked 

  23. Section copied 3D Section cont • WireFrame View

  24. Consider Rod thru Ellipse of Revolution InterFere • Use Interfere to Make Rod with “Bulging” Ends Command: interfere Select first set of solids: Select objects: 1 found Select objects: 1 found, 2 total Select objects: Select second set of solids: Select objects: No solids selected. Comparing 2 solids with each other. Interfering solids: 2 Interfering pairs : 1 Create interference solids? [Yes/No] <N>: y WireFrame 3D Gourand Shaded

  25. Turn Off Layers to Show Interfereing, or Common, Region InterFere • The Result Bulging End

  26. Again Consider Rod Thru the “FootBall” Combine the Rod and the Elliptical Solid Command: slice Select objects: 1 found Select objects: Specify first point on slicing plane by [Object/Zaxis/View/XY/YZ/ZX/3points] <3points>: zx Specify a point on the ZX-plane <0,0,0>: Specify a point on desired side of the plane or [keep Both sides]: 0,1,0 Union Command: union Select objects: 1 found Select objects: 1 found, 2 total Select objects: Command Rod Layer Off Rod Layer On • Show Union with Vertical SLICE

  27. Again Consider Rod Thru “FootBall” Remove the Rod-Shaped Pocket from the Sliced Elliptical Solid using SUBTRACT Pick Order Large Solid is MINUEND,  Rod is SUBTRAHEND,  Command: SUBTRACT Select solids and regions to subtract from .. Select objects: 1 found Select objects: Select solids and regions to subtract .. Select objects: 1 found Select objects: Subtract -  

  28. Coordinate System in AutoCAD • AutoCAD system maintains 3D database • World coordinate system is Default • X,Y as top (plan) view (civil engineering) • Z axis vertical • User Coordinate System (UCS) may be aligned with features (name and save) • Icon shows current coordinate system

  29. Local Coordinates in AutoCAD • Define new origin (with existing axes) • Rotate existing coordinate about X, Y, or Z Axis • Define new origin and axes (3 point) Right Hand Coordinates

  30. The UCS ToolBar User CoOrdinate System - UCS • The Buttons from Left → Right • UCS: Invokes the UCS command. • Display UCS Dialog: Shows UCS dialog box. • UCS Previous: Enables the previous UCS settings. • World UCS: Matches the UCS with WCS. • Object UCS: Builds the UCS based on the selected object. • Face UCS: Builds the UCS based on the selected face of the object

  31. More Buttons UCS ToolBars • View UCS: Matches UCS with screen. The X axis horizontal, Y vertical, and Z perpendicular to the scn. • Origin UCS: Moves the UCS without changing its orientation. • Z Axis Vector UCS: Builds the UCS based on the new direction of the Z axis. • 3 Point UCS: Builds the UCS by specifying the new origin, a point on positive X direction, and a point on XY plane. • X Axis Rotate UCS: Rotates the UCS about X axis.

  32. More Buttons UCS ToolBars - 2 • Y Axis Rotate UCS: Rotates the UCS about Y axis. • Z Axis Rotate UCS: Rotates the UCS about Z axis. • Apply UCS: Applies the current UCS to a selected viewport • UCS-II Tool Bar → • The Buttons from Left → Right • Display UCS Dialog: Shows UCS dialog box. • Move UCS Origin: Moves the UCS without changing its orientation. • Select UCS Drop Down List To Pick a saved UCS

  33. UCS View Aligns UCS to Current Screen View UCS Commands - 1

  34. 3 Point UCS: Click Points 4, 3 ,1 UCS Commands - 2  Command: _ucs Current ucs name: *NO NAME* Enter an option [New/Move/orthoGraphic/Prev/Restore/Save/Del/Apply/?/World] <World>: _3 Specify new origin point <0,0,0>: Specify point on positive portion of X-axis <5.2426,1.6330,6.3509>: Specify point on positive-Y portion of the UCS XY plane <3.7426,2.4990,6.3509>:       

  35. Origin UCS: Click Point 7 UCS Commands - 3    Command: _ucs Current ucs name: *NO NAME* Enter an option [New/Move/orthoGraphic/Prev/Restore/Save/Del/Apply/?/World] <World>: _o Specify new origin point <0,0,0>: Command:      

  36. Z Axis Vector UCS: Click Pt8 → Pt1 UCS Commands - 4 Command: _ucs Current ucs name: *NO NAME* Enter an option [New/Move/orthoGraphic/Prev/Restore/Save/Del/Apply/?/World] <World>: _zaxis Specify new origin point <0,0,0>: Specify point on positive portion of Z-axis <-4.0000,0.0000,1.0000>:        

  37. Object UCS: Select the CIRCLE near  UCS Commands - 5 Command: _ucs Current ucs name: *NO NAME* Enter an option [New/Move/orthoGraphic/Prev/Restore/Save/Del/Apply/?/World] <World>: _ob Select object to align UCS:         • The Orientation of the X&Y Axes Depend upon the Circle Point Selected with Mouse

  38. Face UCS: Select Front-Face near Pt8 UCS Commands - 6 Command: _ucs Current ucs name: *NO NAME* Enter an option [New/Move/orthoGraphic/Prev/Restore/Save/Del/Apply/?/World] <World>: _fa Select face of solid object: Enter an option [Next/Xflip/Yflip] <accept>:        

  39. X Axis Rotate: Rotate UCS 45° about X-axis UCS Commands - 7 Command: _ucs Current ucs name: *NO NAME* Enter an option [New/Move/orthoGraphic/Prev/Restore/Save/Del/Apply/?/World] <World>: _x Specify rotation angle about X axis <90>: 45        

  40. Rotate UCS about Y & Z axes UCS Commands - 8 Command: _ucs Current ucs name: *NO NAME* Enter an option [New/Move/orthoGraphic/Prev/Restore/Save/Del/Apply/?/World] <World>: _y Specify rotation angle about Y axis <90>: -45 Command: _ucs Current ucs name: *NO NAME* Enter an option [New/Move/orthoGraphic/Prev/Restore/Save/Del/Apply/?/World] <World>: _z Specify rotation angle about Z axis <90>: 25        

  41. Save Current UCS as “Pt8_Rot” by KeyBd UCS Commands - 9 Command: ucs Current ucs name: *NO NAME* Enter an option [New/Move/orthoGraphic/Prev/Restore/Save/Del/Apply/?/World] <World>: s Enter name to save current UCS or [?]: Pt8_Rot        

  42. Return to WCS UCS Commands - 10  Command: ucs Current ucs name: Pt8_Rot Enter an option [New/Move/orthoGraphic/Prev/Restore/Save/Del/Apply/?/World] <World>: w       

  43. Restore Saved UCS Pt8_Rot UCS Commands - 11 Command: ucs Current ucs name: *WORLD* Enter an option [New/Move/orthoGraphic/Prev/Restore/Save/Del/Apply/?/World] <World>: r Enter name of UCS to restore or [?]: Pt8_Rot       

  44. All Done for Today • For Probs 4, 11, 17, 24, 30, 37 • Instruction “A” Only HW-19Instructions • Print in “SEISO” View • For Prob EX16-51, Print in BOTH • SEISO • SWISO • Set ISOLINES to 24

  45. Engr/Math/Physics 25 Appendix  Time For Live Demo Bruce Mayer, PE Licensed Electrical & Mechanical EngineerBMayer@ChabotCollege.edu

  46. 3D Solid → InterFere

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