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- The Body’s Transport System

- The Body’s Transport System. Bellringer : 1.) Write today’s objective, activities, and homework on unit planner. 2.) Write the answer to the following as your bellringer: List as many song titles, phrases, and slogans that contain the word heart as you can. - The Body’s Transport System.

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- The Body’s Transport System

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  1. - The Body’s Transport System Bellringer:1.) Write today’s objective, activities, and homework on unit planner.2.) Write the answer to the following as your bellringer: List as many song titles, phrases, and slogans that contain the word heart as you can.

  2. - The Body’s Transport System The Cardiovascular System • The cardiovascular system is also known as the circulatory system. Cardiovascular system is made up of the heart blood blood vessels

  3. - The Body’s Transport System The Cardiovascular System • The cardiovascular system carries needed substances to cells and carries waste products away from cells. In addition, blood contains cells that fight disease. For example, blood carries oxygen from your lungs to your other body cells. Blood also transports the glucose your cells use to produce energy. The blood also carries carbon dioxide to the lungs, where it is exhaled.

  4. - The Body’s Transport System The Heart • The heart is a hollow, muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body. • Each time the heart beats, it pushes blood throughout the blood vessels of the cardiovascular system.

  5. - The Body’s Transport System The Heart • The right side of the heart is completely separated from the left side by a wall of tissue called the septum.

  6. - The Body’s Transport System The Heart • Each side has an upper chamber, or atrium. These are called the right atrium and left atrium. • Each atrium receives blood that comes into the heart… the right atrium receives blood from the body while the left atrium receives blood from the lungs.

  7. - The Body’s Transport System The Heart • Each side has a lower chamber, or ventricle. These are called the right ventricle and left ventricle. • Each ventricle pumps blood out of the heart, the right ventricle pumping blood to the lungs and the left ventricle pumping blood to all other parts of the body.

  8. - The Body’s Transport System Heart Activity • Click the Active Art button to open a browser window and access Active Art about the heart.

  9. - The Body’s Transport System The Heart • As blood flows out of the heart and toward the lungs, it passes through a flap of tissue, known as a valve, like the one here. • The valve prevents blood from flowing backward.

  10. - The Body’s Transport System The Heart • Located in the right atrium is a group of heart cells called the pacemaker, which sends out signals that make the heart muscle contract. This adjusts the speed of the heart beat. • When muscle cells in the ventricles contract, the exert a force on the blood.

  11. - The Body’s Transport System Bellringer:1.) Write today’s objective, activities, and homework on unit planner.2.) Using yesterday’s notes, write the answer to the following as your bellringer: Each time the heart beats, what does it do to the blood?3.) Define key terms on page 534.4.) Fill in details on Heart Diagram.

  12. - The Body’s Transport System Bellringer:1.) Write today’s objective, activities, and homework on unit planner.2.) Using vocabulary, write the answer to the following as your bellringer: Name the three kinds of blood vessels.3.) Have vocabulary ready to be checked!

  13. - The Body’s Transport System Two Loops • Blood circulates through the body in two loops, with the heart at the center. In the first loop, blood travels from the heart to the lungs and then back to the heart. In the second loop, blood is pumped from the heart throughout the body and then returns to the heart.

  14. - The Body’s Transport System Pathway of Blood Right side of heart Lungs Body Left side of heart

  15. - A Closer Look at Blood Vessels Blood Vessels • The walls of arteries and veins have three layers. The innermost layer is made up of epithelial cells. The middle layer is mostly muscle tissue and the outer wall is made up of flexible connective tissue.

  16. - A Closer Look at Blood Vessels Arteries • Arteries carry blood away from the heart. • Pulse is caused by the expanding and narrowing of artery walls. • When you count pulse beats, you are also counting heartbeats. • Arteries control the amount of blood that different organs receive.

  17. - A Closer Look at Blood Vessels Capillaries • In the capillaries, materials are exchanged between the blood and the body’s cells. Diffusion is one of the ways this happens.

  18. - A Closer Look at Blood Vessels Veins • Veins carry blood back to the heart. • Veins get help… • Contraction of nearby skeletal muscles • Valves that prevent blood from flowing backward • Breathing movements that squeeze veins in the chest

  19. - A Closer Look at Blood Vessels Artery and Vein ARTERY • In this photo, you can compare the wall of an artery with the wall of a vein. • Artery… The walls of arteries are very thick and consist of three layers • Vein… Although the walls of veins also consist of three layers, they are much thinner than the walls of arteries. VEIN

  20. - A Closer Look at Blood Vessels Blood Pressure • Blood pressure is the pressure that blood exerts against the walls of blood vessels. • As blood moves away from the heart, the blood pressure decreases. sphygmomanometer

  21. - A Closer Look at Blood Vessels Calculating a Rate • A rate is the speed at which something happens. When you calculate a rate, you compare the number of events with the time period in which they occur. Here’s how to calculate the pulse rate of a person whose heart beats 142 times in two minutes. • 1. Write the comparison as a fraction: • 2. Divide the numerator and the denominator by 2: • The person’s pulse rate is 71 heartbeats per minute.

  22. Practice Problem Calculate your pulse rate if your heart beats 170 times in 2.5 minutes. 68 beats per minute - A Closer Look at Blood Vessels Calculating a Rate

  23. - A Closer Look at Blood Vessels Comparing and Contrasting Blood Vessel Function Structure of Wall Thick wall consisting of three cell layers with thick muscle in the middle layer Carries blood away from the heart Artery Exchange of materials between the blood and body cells Thin walls consisting of one cell layer Capillary Thick walls consisting of three cell layers with thin muscle in the middle layer Carries blood back to the heart Vein

  24. End of Section:A Closer Look at Blood Vessels

  25. - Blood and Lymph Blood • Blood consists of liquid plasma and three kinds of cells—red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

  26. - Blood and Lymph Blood Types • The marker molecules on your red blood cells determine your blood type and the type of blood that you can safely receive in transfusions.

  27. - Blood and Lymph Blood Type Distribution • The circle graph shows the percentage of each blood type found in the U.S. population.

  28. The percentage of each blood type found in the United States population Reading Graphs: What does each edge of the graph represent? - Blood and Lymph Blood Type Distribution

  29. AB (4%), B (11%), A (40%), O (45%) Interpreting Data: Rank the four major blood types—A, B, AB, and O—from least common to most common. What is the percentage of each type? - Blood and Lymph Blood Type Distribution

  30. 84%; 16% Calculating: According to the graph, what percentage of the population is Rh positive? What percentage is Rh negative? - Blood and Lymph Blood Type Distribution

  31. O negative or B negative blood; 9% Predicting: What type of blood can someone who is B negative (blood type B and Rh negative) receive? What percentage of the population does that represent? - Blood and Lymph Blood Type Distribution

  32. The data should be arranged in three columns and eight rows. Creating Data Tables: Use the data to make a table of the eight possible blood types. Include columns for the A, B, AB, and O blood types; Rh factor (positive or negative); and percentage of the population. - Blood and Lymph Blood Type Distribution

  33. - Blood and Lymph The Lymphatic System • The lymphatic system is a network of veinlike vessels that returns the fluid to the bloodstream.

  34. - Blood and Lymph Identifying Main Ideas • As you read the section titled “Blood,” write the main idea in a graphic organizer like the one below. Then write four supporting details that give examples of the main idea. Main Idea Blood is made up of four components. Detail Detail Detail Detail Plasma is the liquid part of blood. Red blood cells take up oxygen and deliver it to cells in the body. White blood cells fight disease. Platelets help form blood clots.

  35. - Blood and Lymph Blood • Click the Video button to watch a movie about blood.

  36. - Blood and Lymph Links on Blood • Click the SciLinks button for links on blood.

  37. End of Section:Blood and Lymph

  38. - Cardiovascular Health Asking Questions • Before you read, preview the red headings. In a graphic organizer like the one below, ask a what or how question for each heading. As you read, write answers to your questions. Cardiovascular Health Question Answer What are some cardiovascular diseases? Cardiovascular diseases include atherosclerosis and hypertension. How can a person keep healthy? Exercise regularly, eat a healthy diet, and avoid smoking.

  39. - Cardiovascular Health Links on Cardiovascular Problems • Click the SciLinks button for links on cardiovascular problems.

  40. End of Section:Cardiovascular Health

  41. Graphic Organizer Side of Heart Where Loop Starts Where Blood Flows to Where Blood Returns to Loop Right side Lungs Left atrium Loop One Left side Body Right atrium Loop Two

  42. End of Section:Graphic Organizer

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