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The American Colonies

The American Colonies. Jamestown, VA May 13, 1607: Arrival of 104 Male Settlers. WHY?. For what reasons did individuals come to America?. Colonizing America. Wealth. Colonizing America. Religious dissent. Types of Colonies. Royal Colonies King Ruled by royal governor.

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The American Colonies

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  1. The American Colonies

  2. Jamestown, VA May 13, 1607: Arrival of 104 Male Settlers

  3. WHY? For what reasons did individuals come to America?

  4. Colonizing America • Wealth

  5. Colonizing America • Religious dissent

  6. Types of Colonies • Royal Colonies • King • Ruled by royal governor

  7. Types of Colonies • Proprietary • Individuals or groups • King gifted land

  8. Types of Colonies • Charter • Established by charters • King • Colonies governed themselves

  9. Regional Divisions

  10. New England Colonies

  11. Massachusetts (1620) • Pilgrims (Plymouth) • Separatists • wanted to separate from the Anglican Church • 1st Thanksgiving • Mayflower Compact • 41 men drew up the agreement to outline fair and equal laws for the colony; signed on the Mayflower • 1620

  12. Massachusetts (1630) • Puritans • Purify and reform Anglican Church • Massachusetts Bay Colony • Strict religious beliefs; radical • John Winthrop “for we must Consider that we shall be as a City upon a Hill, the enemies of all people are upon us; so that if we shall deal falsely with our god in this work we have undertaken and so cause him to withdraw his present help from us” City Upon A Hill, 1630

  13. New Hampshire (1630) • John Mason • English and Scots-Irish settlers • Economic freedom • Settled for religious freedom • Escape for those constricted by harsh religious and economic rules of the Puritans • Royal Colony

  14. Rhode Island (1636) • Roger Williams • Exiled by Puritans in Mass. settled in Providence • Religious freedom • Trade • Connecticut (1636) • Thomas Hooker • Dutch (economic freedom) and English (religious freedom) • Asked to leave by Mass. • Agriculture and trade

  15. Middle Colonies

  16. New York (1626) • Peter Minuit • Dutch (Netherlands), taken over by English • Trade and profits • Anglican • Proprietary to royal colony • New Jersey (1660) • Lord Berkley • Established by Sweden became English • Agriculture, trade and profits • Proprietary to royal colony • Delaware (1638) • Peter Minuit • Dutch, Swedish and English • Farming, trade and profits • Proprietary

  17. Pennsylvania (1682) • William Penn • Proprietary • Home to many European Immigrants: Swedish, Dutch, English, Scots-Irish and German • Farming • Quakers • Equality and all possessed “Inner Light” • Pennsylvania

  18. Southern Colonies

  19. Virginia (1607) • Jamestown • 1st permanent settlement mostly males (indentured servants and treasure hunters) • 60/900 colonists survived • Ruled by John Smith • Founded by the Virginia Company • Joint-stock company: organized to raise money by selling stocks/shares to investors • Becomes royal House of Burgesses (1619)-22 representatives called burgesses met to outline laws for the colony

  20. Maryland (1634) George Calvert Religious freedom for Catholics Established for trade, finding precious metals and to locate a water passage across the continent Farming Proprietary

  21. Maryland Act of Toleration • 1649 • Granted freedom of worship for all Catholics • Symbolic beginning of freedom of religion

  22. North Carolina (1653) • Group of proprietors: business venture • Settlers from Virginia • Farming, trade and profit • Anglican • South Carolina (1670) • Group of proprietors • Settlers from France, English, Africans and Irish • Food crops • Anglican • Proprietary to royal • Georgia (1733) • General James Oglethorpe • Spanish settlements taken by English • Debtors and convicts protect colonies from Spanish and French invasions • Slow economic growth farmed, harvested lumber and traded furs

  23. The Charter of Carolina 1663

  24. Ethnic and Religious Diversity

  25. Discrimination in Massachusetts • Salem Witch Trials

  26. Discrimination in Massachusetts • Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams • Banished from Massachusetts

  27. Discrimination • African Americans • Free • Slaves • Native Americans • Pushed off land by westward settlers

  28. Religious Tolerance • Roger Williams Providence, RI • Pennsylvania • English Quakers • German Lutherans • Scotch-Irish Presbyterians • Swiss Mennonites • New York linguistic and cultural diversity • First synagogue

  29. Colonial Economy

  30. Economic Diversity: -South= Agriculture -North = Commerce -Towns and cities develop along water

  31. Economy • Mercantilism • Economic policy • Europe • Way to get rich • Export more than you import Effect= Britain creates rules for colonial trade

  32. Commerce and Immigrants (New England) • Port cities • Boston • Immigrant population increases due to religious freedom and economic opportunities (German, Scotch-Irish, Dutch) • More towns in North than Southern colonies • Use town meetings to govern

  33. New England Colonies • Shipbuilding • Fishing • Smaller farms self-sufficient

  34. Middle Colonies’ Economy • Diverse in people and business • Less slaves • Shops, homes and farms

  35. Middle Colonies’ Economy • Farming • Wheat, barley, rye • Commerce • Access to water • Shipping overseas • New York and Philadelphia

  36. Southern Economy • John Rolfe and tobacco • Virginia, Maryland, NC • Plantations develop • Need for labor • Indentured servants • Agree to work for landowner • 4-7 years • slavery

  37. Southern Plantation Systems • Exported cash crops to make money • Creates: (1) Large farms around rivers (2) Need for lots of labor (3) Wealthy class of plantation owners

  38. Slave Trade • First slaves were captured Native Americans • African slave trade flourished by 1700s • Slaves endured a harsh voyage: Middle Passage • Widespread use in Southern colonies

  39. Colonial Society Ethnic Diversity -African Americans -Native Americans Class Distinctions • Women • Wealth = power

  40. Bacon’s Rebellion • Virginia, 1676 • Cause: Small farmers treated unfairly; wealthy landowners paid fewer taxes and received many benefits • Nathaniel Bacon • Failed! • Result: Need for representation in government for the “common man”

  41. Colonial Government • Britain allows the colonies to govern themselves • Salutary neglect • Colonial legislatures hold the power

  42. 1.2 Self-Government and the Colonies • Ancient Greece (800-510 BC) • Greeks practiced democracy • People vote directly • Romans created a republic (500 BC) • Representative democracy

  43. 1.2 Self-Government and the Colonies • Middle Ages (400-1500 AD) • Republics fade • Autocracies develop • Government ruled by a single sovereign • Renaissance (1450 AD) • “Rebirth” • Reconnection to ancient Greece and Rome • Classical republicanism

  44. 1.2 Self-Government and the Colonies • Post Middle Ages • Limited government • Government that must obey a set of laws • Usually a written document • Magna Carta or “Great Charter” (1215 AD) • Prevented king from imposing taxes • Needed approval of a council  British Parliament • English Bill of Rights (1689 AD) • Power to Parliament • King could not interfere with Parliamentary elections or impose taxes • Common Law • Originated in Middle Ages • Law based on tradition or past court decisions instead of written statutes

  45. The English Government • Magna Carta (The Great Charter) • Guaranteed rights and liberties to the English people that could not be cancelled by later laws - Common Law-evolved from the Magna Carta; unwritten laws based on customs, usage and precedents

  46. 1.2 Self-Government and the Colonies • Enlightenment (1600s) • Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) • All people are born with certain rights • Protect one’s own life  lead to chaos • Strong government is needed • Abuses by government = price of maintaining peace and order

  47. The Second Treatise of Civil Government • 1. What is Locke’s argument? • 2. What evidence does he give to support it? • 3. Do you agree or disagree with his point about preserving mankind? Why?

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