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Water Supply Engineering Design (1)

Water Supply Engineering Design (1). Shu-Chi Chang, Ph.D., P.E., P.A. Assistant Professor 1 and Division Chief 2 1 Department of Environmental Engineering 2 Division of Safety and Health, Center for Environmental Protection and Occupational Safety and Health National Chung Hsing University

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Water Supply Engineering Design (1)

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  1. Water Supply Engineering Design (1) Shu-Chi Chang, Ph.D., P.E., P.A. Assistant Professor1 and Division Chief2 1Department of Environmental Engineering 2Division of Safety and Health, Center for Environmental Protection and Occupational Safety and Health National Chung Hsing University 9/11/2006

  2. Outline • Instructor’s academic background • Course syllabus and grading policy • Office hours • Overview of this course • Grading policy • Text and references • Evaluation • background and expectation • On-line evaluation • History, policy, and regulation

  3. Highlights of instructor’s background • Government Scholarship: Sole Grantee in Environmental Engineering in 2000. • Professional Engineer • PE in Environmental Engineering (1989) • PE in Industrial Safety Engineering (1997, 5th place) • Certified Professional Auditor • ISO 14000 (1996, 1st place in final exam) • ISO 9000 (1997, Mercedes-Benz) • Professional Expertise • Bioremediation of contaminated soils and groundwater (6 years) • Integrated quality, environmental, safety, and health management ( 5 year) • Environmental microbiology and nanobiotechnology (6 years)

  4. Dissertational Research • Rapid detection and enumeration of mycobacteria in metalworking fluids: technology development and validation • Tools • Flow cytometry • Fluorescent antibody and nucleic acid dyes • Functionalized magnetic nanoparticle • Statistical data analysis • Contributions • Shortened test time by more than 95% • Single colony-forming-unit sensitivity • ~98% specificity • Good correlation over 4 orders of magnitude • Can effectively reduce health hazards and environmental burdens

  5. Extended Research • Peptide Nucleic Acid Probes • Nano-emulsion: novel industrial fluid formulations • Flow-Genomics™: an ultrasensitive and high-throughput single molecule detection platform • Instantaneous characterization of microbial ecosystems:simultaneous identification of structural and functional roles of numerous microorganisms in a microbial ecosystem

  6. Current Research • University of Michigan Dioxin Exposure Study (UMDES) • Soil sample collection • Data analysis • Pattern analysis • Exposure pathway modeling • Flow GenomicsTM • Microbial fuel cell • Environmental impact of nano-materials (EINM)

  7. Overview of this course • History and regulation • Planning and management • Water supply sources and storage • Water collection and conveyance • Water purification and disinfection • Water distribution • Current research topics

  8. Outline of the 1st session • Drinking water and public health protection • Waterborne disease surveillance • Outbreaks • Law and regulations • Water supply planning Source: Pontius, F.W., 2003. Drinking water regulation and health 駱尚廉，楊萬發 2000“環境工程(一) 自來水工程”

  9. History-drinking water and public health protection (1) • Introduction • Sumaria (3000 B.C.) and Sanskrit (2000 B.C.) • Rome (312 B.C. and 98 A.D.) - Sextus Julius Frontinus • Middle age and the industrial revolution Source: Pontius, F.W., 2003. Drinking water regulation and health

  10. History-drinking water and public health protection (2) • Great sanitary awakening • Public health issue • Water treatment After http://remf.dartmouth.edu/images/MicromondiImages/image/32-cholera.jpg

  11. History-drinking water and public health protection (3) • Chemical revolution • Introduction of regulation • Beginning of Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) • Drinking water in developing countries • History in Taiwan • Future of public water supply Source: Pontius, F.W., 2003. Drinking water regulation and health 駱尚廉，楊萬發 2000“環境工程(一) 自來水工程”

  12. Waterborne disease surveillance • Background • Limitation of current system • Early detection of outbreaks • Endemic disease • Applicability of investigation • Monitoring infection versus disease • Improving disease surveilance Deaths Hospitalization Doctor’s office Symptomatic Asymptomatic or infected

  13. Recent Incidents • US experience • Milwaukee Outbreak • 400,000 sick and >100 died • Cryptosporidiosis • Taiwan’s experience • RCA (1960’s) • 大腸桿菌及腸病毒 • 長興化工廢有機溶劑污染 高雄地區飲水水源(89.7.14) • 加水站下毒事件(95.9.5) • 生物戰劑 (Bioterrorism)

  14. Law and regulations (1) • US law and regulation • SDWA • Taiwan’s laws and regulation • 法律："法律得定名為法、律、條例及通則" - 中央法規標準法第二條 • 法：全國性、一般性、長期性 • 律：戰時軍事機關之特殊事項規定 • 條例：地區性、專門性、特殊性或臨時性事項之規定 • 通則：同類事項共通適用之原則或組織之規定 • 命令：規程、規則、細則、辦法、綱要、標準及準則 • 水源: 水利法 • 給水:自來水法, 水污染防治法,飲用水管理條例,水質標準,用水設備標準, 工程設施標準, 地面水體分類及水質標準,etc.

  15. Law and regulations (2) • 水源 • 水利法、土壤及地下水污染整治法、 • 水利法施行細則、水庫蓄水範圍使用管理辦法、飲用水水源水質標準、飲用水中放射性含量限制要點、地下水水質監測井設置規範、地面水體分類及水質標準等 • 給水 • 自來水法、水污染防治法、飲用水管理條例 • 自來水法施行細則、飲用水管理條例施行細則、自來水水質標準、用水設備標準、工程設施標準等

  16. Water supply planning • Engineering plan • Introduction • Current water supply status • Planned distribution area • Water demand estimation • Source • Water treatment and distribution • Alternatives • Finalized plan • Finance and future expansion

  17. Distribution area and water demand • 行政劃分供水與區域給水 • Population forecasting • Mathematical methods • Arithmetical progression • Geometrical progression • Decreasing rate of increase • Graphical method • Graphical extension • Statistical method (least square) • Logistic curve • Ratio method See transparencies and handouts for each method

  18. Interesting reading • Milwaukee outbreaks • http://enve.coe.drexel.edu/outbreaks/Milwaukee_1993.htm • Nanotech and water supply • http://www.technologyreview.com/read_article.aspx?id=16977&ch=nanotech • Contaminants in drinking water • http://www.epa.gov/safewater/hfacts.html

  19. Water supply and consumption • US (gpcd) and Taiwan (lpcd) • Categories • Domestic • Commercial • Industrial • Public use (esp. fire fighting) • Waste and leakage

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