The Rise and Fall of China: From Empires to Communism

1. China

3. Background • Empires • Religion • Imperialism- Opium Wars • Open Door Policy • Spheres of Influence • Fall of Qin Dynasty 1912 • Japanese Issues • Communists vs. Nationalists • Long March

4. Revolution of 1911 • After death of Ci Xi in 1911 • Qing Dynasty collapsed • A republic was established The Last Emperor

5. The Republic • 1911 Dr. Sun Yatsen becomes president • Organized the Guomindang or Nationalist Party • 3 Principles: • Nationalism and end to foreign control • Democratic govt. • Ensure decent livelihood of people

6. Chang Kai Shek and Communists • Becomes leader of Nationalist Army and Party in 1928 • Chinese Communist Party (CCP) • Set up in 1921 • Chang Kai Shek begins attacking and killing the Communists

7. Long March Mao • 1934 • Communists go on a 1 year 6,000 mile escape from Kai Shek • Mao Zedong emerges as leader of Communists • Gained support of peasants • 90,000 left, 7,000 survived

8. Japanese Invasion • 1931 • Japan seized Manchuria • Rape of Nanjing or “Nanking” • Japanese Soldiers Killed Chinese citizens and raped many women

9. Rape of “Nanking” Two Japanese officers, Toshiaki Mukai and Tsuyoshi Noda competing to see who could kill (with a sword) one hundred people first. The bold headline reads, "'Incredible Record' (in the Contest to) Cut Down 100 People—Mukai 106 – 105 Noda—Both 2nd Lieutenants Go Into Extra Innings" Massacred Chinese civilians at Hsuchow Controversy flared up again in 1982, when the Japanese Ministry of Education censored any mention of the Nanking Massacre in a high school textbook.

10. WWII • During WWII, Communists and Nationalists join forces to fight Japan • After WWII, China begins another civil war. • Mao and the Communists prevail • Nationalists flee to Taiwan

11. A & E Biography: Mao Zedong Consider… What made Mao “the most successful guerilla leader of all time”? Why do people that hate him also concede that he’s a genius? Despite responsibility for millions of deaths, why do people still revere him?

12. Propaganda Control of information, ideas, facts, or allegations spread deliberately to further one's cause or to damage an opposing cause. Present information to influence audience Spread of ideas to promote a cause or damage another

13. Propaganda Techniques Repetition Fear Emotional Appeal Exaggerated Images / Colors / Slogans One Sided Argument “Larger than Life” / Godlike Figures Demonize the Enemy Vilify outsiders

14. “Warriors love reading Chairman Mao’s books most.” 1966

15. “Comrade Mao Zedong is the greatest Marxist-Leninist of the present age.” 1969

16. “Turn China into a prosperous, rich and powerful, industrialized, socialist country under the leadership of the communist party and Chairman Mao!” 1954

17. “The happy life that Chairman Mao gave us.” 1954

18. “Vigorously promote revolution and production…” 1968

19. “Support agriculture energetically.” 1969-1970

20. “The sunlight of Mao Zedong’s thought illuminates the road of the great proletarian Cultural Revolution.” 1966

21. Chinese Propaganda Characteristics? Why effective? Would it work today?

22. Mao & Gandhi Political Cartoon Consider… How would you compare the Long March and the Salt March? How would you compare Gandhi and Mao as leaders and men?

23. The Long March & The Salt March Consider the similarities and differences. What are they?

24. Cross Unit Creative ApplicationGandhi/Mao Political Cartoon Create: a political cartoon that reflects your opinion on the contrasting methods used by Mao and Gandhi to foster revolution / achieve independence. You must illustrate your viewpoint and the cartoon should reflect the differences between the two opposing perspectives of revolution / independence. The cartoon needs to be done in color. In addition to the political cartoon, you will prepare a written paragraph explanation (4-5 sentences) on the back of your cartoon consisting of… Explanation of viewpoint Explanation of symbolism and technique Due:

25. “It doesn’t matter if the cat is black or white, so long as it catches mice” -Deng Xiaoping

26. Deng and Modernizing China’s Economy Concept: Change China from a Command Economy to a Market Economy • What does that mean? • Command: Communism • Government decides • Market: Capitalism • Consumers and producers decide

27. SEZ (Special Economic Zones) • Coastal Cities

28. Effects • 1. Agriculture • (+) Economic Prosperity for farmers • (-) Some collective farms remain • 2. Industry • (+) Overall, output has grown • (-) State Factories are inefficient • 3. Science and Technology • (+) More foreign investment, trade, modernization • (-) Student protests, world criticism, growing foreign influence

29. China has seen rapid growth with new social concerns China’s GDP 2nd in the World {US #1} Growth Rate 9% {US 3%} Social Problems Layoffs Growing division of Wealth New Costs (health care) Low per capita $5,000 The Effects of Modernization

31. China’s Population Control In 1979, the Chinese Government began planning to curb its population of over 1.25 Billion.

32. Population Growth

34. Why would China want to limit its population size? Over-crowding, economic costs, & food production How do you limit the population of China? Delay Marriage and Pregnancy Limit of One-Child-per family China’s Population

35. Promotion

36. Rewards Wage/ Land increases First choice of apartments, schools Reduce taxes Punishments Fines for additional children More taxes/ fees Less food Harsh actions: sterilizations and abortions How do you Enforce this policy? Propaganda

37. 2050

38. China’s Environment Modernizing takes its toll

39. Deforestation Soil Erosion Desertification Damaged Ecosystems Endangered Species Solid Waste Water Pollution Water Shortages Acid Rain Air Pollution China’s Top 10 Ecological Problems Which 3 are Most Important?

40. China’s Environmental Problems

41. 7 out of 10 of the world’s most polluted cities are in China.

42. Causes for Environmental Problems • Rapid Industrialization • Inadequate Public Awareness • Insufficient Govt. management • High Population Density

44. Air Pollution • Causes of Air Pollution • Vehicle Emissions • Factory Pollution • Burning Coal for energy • Acid Rain: affects 30% of the country • Destroys crops

45. Beijing europe.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/asiapcf/east/12/10/beijing.pollution

46. europe.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/asiapcf/east/12/10/beijing.pollutioneurope.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/asiapcf/east/12/10/beijing.pollution

49. Water Facts: China • Less than 20% of municipal waste water is treated • Nearly 85% of China’s cities are short of clean water Wuhan, Hebei province: A man collects dead fish in Donghu lake, where officials say an estimated 30,000kg of fish have been killed by a combination of pollution and hot weather

50. Chinese workers pour water into a polluted canal after they rinsed their bowls used for lunch in Beijing, China, Thursday, June 5, 2003. Millions of people in China's north face water shortages this summer as the giant but overused Yellow River falls to its lowest level in 50 years, which supplies elsewhere are heavily polluted environmental officials said Thursday. (AP Photo/Ng Han Guan)