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The New Deal

The New Deal. How would you begin to revive the economy?. Examine the Issues. How can the government help failing industries? What can be done to ease unemployment? What would you do to restore public confidence and economic security?

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The New Deal

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  1. The New Deal How would you begin to revive the economy?

  2. Examine the Issues • How can the government help failing industries? • What can be done to ease unemployment? • What would you do to restore public confidence and economic security? • How would you get money to pay for your proposed recovery programs?

  3. A New Deal Fights the Depression Main Idea After becoming president, Franklin Delano Roosevelt used government programs to combat the Depression. Why it Matters Today Americans still benefit from programs begun in the New Deal, such as bank and stock market regulations and the Tennessee Valley Authority.

  4. Americans Get a New Deal • The 1932 Presidential election showed that Americans were clearly ready for a change. • Electing Franklin D. Roosevelt • FDR-Democrat • “Can-do” attitude • Waiting for Roosevelt to Take Over • 4 mos. Between Nov. and inauguration in Jan. • During this time he picked advisors-professors, lawyers, and journalists-”Brain Trust” • Designed to help with the Depression-”New Deal” • New Deal focused on 3 goals: • Relief for the needy • Economic recovery • Financial Reform

  5. The Hundred Days • On taking office, the Roosevelt administration launched a period of intense activity, known as the Hundred Days. • Congress passed more than 15 major pieces of New Deal legislation.

  6. Fireside Chats • Roosevelt had radio talks about issues of public concern, explaining in clear, simple language his New Deal measures. • He explained the baking system to listeners. • Wanted people to trust the banks.

  7. Regulating Banking and Finance • 1934- Securities & Exchange Commission (SEC) • Regulate the stock market

  8. Helping the American People • Roosevelt’s administration implemented programs to provide relief to farmers and aid other workers and stimulate the economy.

  9. Food, Clothing, & Shelter • Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC) • Loans to homeowners • Federal Housing Administration (FHA) • Loans for home mortgages & repairs • Federal Emergency Relief Act (FERA) • Direct relief for the needy

  10. The New Deal Comes Under Attack • Pres. Roosevelt agreed to a policy of deficit spending-spending more money than the government receives in revenue. • Liberal critics argued that the New Deal didn’t go far enough to help the poor & reform the nation’s economic system. • Conservative critics argued that he spent too much on direct relief. • Supreme Court Reacts • NIRA was unconstitutional- ruled that is gave too much control to the executive branch in regulating industry. • AAA- agriculture was a local matter. • Roosevelt- “Court Packing”

  11. Three Fiery Critics

  12. A New Deal Fights the DepressionReview • How did Roosevelt change the role of the federal government during his first hundred days? • FDR expanded the role of the government through programs designed to restore public confidence and provide jobs. • Summarize the reasons why some people opposed the New Deal. • Some said the New Deal gave government too much power. Others argued it didn’t provide enough aid.

  13. The Second New Deal Takes Hold Main Idea The Second New Deal included new programs to extend federal aid and stimulate the nation’s economy. Why it Matters Today Second New Deal programs continue to assist homebuyers, farmers, workers, and the elderly in the 2000’s

  14. The Second Hundred Days • By 1935, the Roosevelt administration was seeking ways to build on the programs established during the hundred days. • Unemployment remained high despite government work programs, and production still lagged behind the levels of the 1920’s. • During the second New Deal, Roosevelt called on Congress to provide more relief for both farmers and workers. • Eleanor Roosevelt-pushed her husband to appoint women to government positions. • FDR- Re-elected in 1936.

  15. Helping Farmers • In the mid-1930’s, two of every five farms in the U.S. were mortgaged, and thousands of small farmers lost their farms.

  16. Roosevelt Extends Relief • As part of the Second New Deal, the Roosevelt administration and Congress set up a series of programs to help youths, professionals, and other workers. • Works Progress Administration (WPA)- headed by Harry Hopkins. • 1935-1943- WPA spent $11 billion to give jobs to 8 million workers. • They built airports, roads, & public buildings. • People painted murals on walls of schools • National Youth Administration (NYA) • Provided education, jobs, counseling, and recreation for young people.

  17. Improving Labor and Other Reforms

  18. The Second New Deal Takes HoldReview • In what ways did the New Deal programs extended federal aid? • The New Deal offered aid through programs, such as the WPA, NYA, FSA, and Social Security. These programs offered jobs, loans, and aid to those in need. • How did the Wagner Act help working people? • The Wagner Act supported the right of workers to unionize.

  19. The New Deal Affects Many Groups Main idea New Deal policies and actions affected various social and ethnic groups. Why it Matters Today The New Deal made a lasting impact on increasing the government’s role in the struggle for equal rights.

  20. The New Deal Brings New Opportunities • In some ways, the New Deal represented an important opportunity for minorities and women, but they were limited. • Women Make Their Mark • Women are named to gov. positions • Frances Perkins- 1st female cabinet member.

  21. African-American Activism • A. Phillip Randolph- organized the country’s first all-black trade union. The Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters.

  22. Mexican-American & Native Americans • Many Mexican-American tended to support the New Deal, even though they received fewer benefits than African-Americans. • Many found work on farms in the southwest. • Native Americans received strong government support from the New Deal. • Received full citizenship • John Collier-head on Indian affairs

  23. Indian Reorganization Act (1934)

  24. FDR Creates the New Deal Coalition • One of FDR’s greatest achievements was to create the New Deal coalition. • An alignment of diverse groups dedicated to supporting the Democratic Party.

  25. New Deal Affects Many GroupsReview • Summarize the impact the New Deal had on various ethnic groups. • FDR failed to support civil rights for African Americans. Mexican Americans worked for low wages. Native Americans benefited from the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934. • Why did many urban voters support Roosevelt and the Democratic Party? • The Democrats supported labor legislation and programs that helped the urban poor.

  26. Culture in the 1930’s Main Idea Motion pictures, radio, art, ad literature blossomed during the New Deal. Why it Matters Today The films, music, art, and literature of the 1930’s still captivate today’s public.

  27. The Lure of Motion Pictures & Radio • Although the 1930’s were a difficult time for many Americans, it was a profitable and golden age for the motion-picture and radio industries.

  28. The Arts in Depression America • In contrast to many radio and movie productions of the 1930’s, much of the art, music, and literature of the time was sober and serious.

  29. Culture of the 1930’sReview • What purpose did movies and radio serve during the Great Depression? • Movies and radio gave Americans a pleasant escape from the reality of the Depression. • Explain how the New Deal programs supported artists and writers in the 1930’s. • The programs funded artists and writers to produce works of art.

  30. The Impact of the New Deal Main Idea The New Deal affected American society not only in the 1930’s but also in the decades that followed. Why it Matters Today Americans still debate over how large a role government should play in American life.

  31. New Deal Reforms Endure • By 1937, the economy had improved enough to convince many Americans that the Depression was finally ending. • FDR begins to scale back New Deal programs. • Supporters & Critics of the New Deal • Conservatives- federal gov. too large/too powerful • Liberals- Roosevelt didn’t do enough • Supporters- believe he had a reasonable balance between-unregulated capitalism and overregulated socialism. • Expanding Government’s Role in the Economy • Federal Gov. had a larger role-particularly the President. • Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) • Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

  32. New Deal Reforms Endure-Cont’ • Protecting Workers’ Rights • National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) • Banking & Finance • SEC- oversees the stock market • FDIC- insures people’s money is protected against loss.

  33. Social & Environmental Effects • New Deal economic and financial reforms, including the creation of the FDIC, SEC, and Social Security, have helped to stabilize the nation’s finances and economy.

  34. The Impact of the New DealReview • List five New Deal agencies that are still in place today. • Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation(FDIC), Securities and Exchange Commission(SEC), National Labor Relations Board(NLRB), Social Security, and Tennessee Valley Authority(TVA). • What benefits did the Tennessee Valley Authority provide? What negative impact did it have? • Provided flood control, hydroelectric power, conservation, recreational facilities; coal burning caused environmental pollution.

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