Translation of the Revolution

1. Translation of the Revolution …into the reality of governing

2. The Players • Leon Trotsky • 1870 – 1940 • Developed, with Lenin, Marist ideas • Organized the October Revolution leading to Bolshevik rule • Organized the Red Army against the Whites • Tried to keep Stalin out • Exiled 1929, murdered by Stalin, 1940

3. The Players • Vladimir Lenin • 1870 – 1924 • Leader of the Bolsheviks • Organized Russia during the Civil War, implemented War Communism • After the Civil War, brought in the New Economic Policy • After injury during assassination attempt 1921, poor health • Anti-Stalin

4. The Players • Joseph Stalin • 1879-1953 • 1922-Made General Secretary of the Community party which allowed him to appoint people that would eventually put him power • Socialism in one country • Five Year Plans, The Great Terror, helped defeat Hitler, ruled for 25 years

5. Under Lenin – 1917-1921 War Communism Reaction of Population/Impact Peasants thought they would own the land, not hold it collectively Created black market when forced to hand over produce Reduced work, yield dropped Death by starvation, disease, war (7.5 million) • Lost a great deal of territory to Germany /Civil War rages • Abolition of private property • Collective farms • Factories under control of worker’s committees • Banks and industry nationalized • Private accounts seized • Foreign trade through the state only • Opposition groups illegal

6. Under Lenin – 1921 New Economic Policy Impacts of NEP Economic recovery by 1928 Threat to communism Increase in “Nepmen” or small business people Increase in kulaks or prosperous peasants in villages • After Kronstadt naval base rebellion • Changed needed to rejuvenate the economy • Need consumer goods • NEP – temporary measure • Reintroduce elements of private enterprise in small industry and retail • Peasants can keep surplus

7. Also under Lenin • Treaty of Rapallo (USSR and Germany) • Germany would receive illegal war material • Russia would get steel manufacturing technology from Germany • Bolshevik Party became Communist Party • Russia became USSR

8. Questions and a Power Struggle • Still behind in terms of industrial revolution • Heavy industry or consumer goods • Guns or butter? • With Lenin dead, Trotsky and Stalin engage in a power struggle

9. Stalin wins the struggle • Offers Socialism in one country • Serious challenger, Trotsky, was exiled • By 1930, no serious opposition to Stalin remains • Trotsky assassinated, 1940 • Video: Assassination or Trotsky: http://vimeo.com/47842996 • Trotsky’s Grandson: http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/video/2012/aug/20/trotsky-assassination-remembered-grandson-video\

10. Stalin’s Economic Plans • First Five Year Plan – • Command Economy – production, distribution and consumption all controlled by central state • Individual economic activity suppressed • Collectivization – all land pooled, and a committee would tell them what to do • Ruthless elimination of the Kulaks as a class – exiled to the Gulags, killed • Heavy industry “We must do in 10 years what you have done in 150.” • Cheka and OGPU – secret police force to shut down opposition

11. Second 5 Year Plan – 1933-1937 • Too harsh and had to be downscaled • Thus began the Purges as Stalin killed off any opposition to his plans • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cJw88VehAlg

12. Read p. 77 Industrialization