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Regional Integration in Africa & Europe

Regional Integration in Africa & Europe. A Comparative Analysis PAF 9181: Comparative Public Administration Juliana Abakah-Katz May 2009. Regional Integration in Europe. Regional Integration in Africa. Common Market for Eastern & South Africa. Economic Community of West African States.

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Regional Integration in Africa & Europe

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  1. Regional Integration inAfrica & Europe A Comparative Analysis PAF 9181: Comparative Public Administration Juliana Abakah-Katz May 2009

  2. Regional Integration in Europe

  3. Regional Integration in Africa Common Market for Eastern & South Africa Economic Community of West African States Economic Community of Central African States Arab Maghreb Union African Union Community of Sahel-Saharan States Mano River Union West African Monetary Zone Greater Arab Free Trade Area Economic Community for Central African States Southern African Development Community

  4. Regional Integration in Africa African Union

  5. Purpose for Regional Integration • To accelerate socio-economic development of the continent • To achieve peace and security in the region • To promote good governance, democracy and human rights in member states • To promote and defend a common African/European position and interest at the global table • To realize the long dream of Pan Africanism – a united and prosperous Africa or Europe.

  6. Timeline of Regional Integration in Africa • 25 May 1963 – OAU founded to eradicate colonialism, combat poverty and develop an Africa weakened by colonialism • 28 May 1975 – 15 West African countries sign Treaty of Lagos to promote economic integration. ECOWAS is founded • 1981 – African Economic Community established to create free trade areas, customs union, single market, central bank, common currency – economic & monetary union • 10 January 1994 – 8 adopt a common currency, the CFA franc in Dakar, Senegal (UEMOA) • 2000: West African Monetary Zone – 5 English speaking w/A members to adopt a common currency, Eco by 2009 • Eventually CFA and Eco are to merge - like the Euro. Suggested name: the Afro. • OAU becomes AU in 2002, with 53 members.

  7. Founding states (2001): • Kenya • Tanzania • Uganda • Joined later: • 2007:  Burundi • 2007:  Rwanda • Founding states (1986): • Djibouti • Ethiopia • Kenya • Somalia • Sudan • Uganda • Joined later: • 1993:  Eritrea IGAD EAC Pillar membership ECOWAS • Founding states (1975): • BeninUEMOA-94 • Burkina FasoUEMOA-94 • Côte d'IvoireUEMOA-94 • GambiaWAMZ-00 • GhanaWAMZ-00 • GuineaWAMZ-00 • Guinea-BissauUEMOA-97 • Liberia • MaliUEMOA-94 • NigerUEMOA-94 • NigeriaWAMZ-00 • SenegalUEMOA-94 • Sierra LeoneWAMZ-00 • TogoUEMOA-94 • Joined later: • 1976:  Cape Verde • GAFTA 2005 membership: • Egypt • Libya • Morocco • Sudan • Tunisia • CEPGL 1976 membership: • Burundi • Congo-Kinshasa • Rwanda Indian Ocean Commission 1984 membership: ComorosMadagascarMauritiusSeychelles • Liptako- Gourma Authority 1970 membership: • Burkina Faso • Mali • Niger Mano River Union 1973 membership:Liberia Sierra Leone Joined later:1980:  Guinea

  8. Facts of IntegrationAfrican Union European Union

  9. Facts of IntegrationAfrican Union European Union

  10. Opportunities • Access to larger and more diversified markets within and from outside • Subsidiarity and competition increase. • Cheaper, better quality goods emerge • Poverty gaps are reduced with the influx of trade and infrastructure • Political stability & good governance is ensured by all

  11. Challenges • Fear of the loss of sovereignty • Divisions in diversity - inability of some countries to compete eg. Niger v. Nigeria. • Small, fragmented economies – both a challenge and an opportunity • Lack of institutional frameworks within and between countries • Varying levels of institutional strengths – level of public-private partnerships, administration of justice, security issues, etc

  12. Challenges cont’d • Lack of political will • The scourge of AIDS • Civil Unrest & Conflicts – Kenya, Madagascar • Failing States – Zimbabwe, Somalia

  13. Recommendations • Follow the European example • Muster more political will and just do it! • Strengthen the existing pillars/blocs • Harmonize and prepare towards eventual integration • Hold each country accountable for its preparations

  14. References • Photo Credit – African Leaders sleep at UN Summit http://afpheonix.typepad.com/.a/6a00e54ffa3d57883301053611f347970c-800wi • African Union http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Union • African Economic Community http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Economic_Community Economic Community of West African States http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_Community_of_West_African_States • European Union http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union Chapter 6 Curtis, Michael, Blondel, Jean, Brown, Bernard E., Fewsmith, Joseph, Kanet, Roger E., Kommers, Donald, McAdams, James A., McNelly, Theodore, Needler, Martin C., Reshtar, John S. and Wright, Stephen (2006), Introduction to Comparative Government, (5th Update Edition). Longman. ISBN-10: 0321364813; ISBN-13: 978-0321364814 Gbetnkom, Daniel. (2006) On the Empirics of Market Integration in ECOWAS. The Journal of Policy Reform. Vol. 9, No. 4, 289-303, december 2006

  15. Thank you!

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