Lesson One

1. Lesson One TSWBAT: CO 1. Name the three classes of nutrients that supply your body with energy. CO 2. Explain how the body obtains energy from food. CO 3. Describe the roles that carbohydrates, fats, and protein play in your body. LO 1. Using an organizer list food sources for carbohydrates, fats and protein.

2. Critical Vocabulary Nutrients Metabolism Calorie Carbohydrate Fiber Fat Unsaturated fat Saturated fat Cholesterol Trans fat Protein Amino acids

3. Carbohydrates Nutrientsare substances in food that the body needs. Nutrients are used to regulate bodily functions, promote growth, repair body tissues, and obtain energy. There are six classes of nutrients; carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water. Carbohydrates, fats, protein, can all be used by the body as sources of energy. When your body uses the nutrients in foods, a series of chemical reactions occurs inside your cells. As a result, energy is released. Metabolism is the chemical process by which your body breaks down food to release energy. Metabolism also involves the use of this energy for the growth and repair of body tissues. The amount of energy released when nutrients are broken down is measured in units called calories.

4. Fats Carbohydrates are nutrients made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Carbohydrates supply energy for your body’s functions. Carbohydrates are divided into two groups: simple carbohydrates, or sugars, complex carbohydrates, which includes starches. Fiber is a complex carbohydrate found in plants. Fiber passes out of your body without being digested. Like carbohydrates, fats are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but in different proportions. Fats supply you body with energy, form cells. maintain body temperature, and protect your nerves. Unsaturated fats have at least one bond in place where hydrogen can be added to the molecule. Unsaturated fats can actually help fight heart disease. Saturated fats are fats that have all the hydrogen atoms the carbon atoms can hold. Too much saturated fat in your diet can lead to heart disease. Cholesterol is a waxy, fatlike substance fond in animal products. Cholesterol is not a needed part of the diet. Trans fat are made when hydrogen is added to fat in vegetable oils.

5. Proteins • Proteins are nutrients that contain nitrogen in addition to carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The most important function of protein in is their role in the growth and repair of your body’s tissues. Amino acids are smaller substances that make up protein. The proteins in your body are made of 20 amino acids. The nine amino acids that your body cannot manufacture, called essential amino acids, must be supplied through your diet.

6. Warm-up Quick Quiz: Which of these statements are always true? Which are sometimes true? Which are always false? Writing: For each of your responses, explain why you gave the answer you did.

7. Foods Supply Nutrients 1. List for reasons why the body needs nutrients. a. ______________________________________ b. ______________________________________ c. ______________________________________ d. ______________________________________ e. ______________________________________ 2. List the nutrients that supply you body with energy. ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________

8. Foods Supply Energy Carbohydrates 3. Describe the term metabolism. ______________________ 4. Complete the concept map abut carbohydrates. a. simple b. complex can be c. _______ d._______ e. ______ g. potatoes h. _____ f. fruits k. ______ j. ______ i. ______ 5. What percentage of your daily calories should come form carbohydrates? ________________________________________

9. Fats 6. Compare unsaturated and saturated fats by completing the Venn diagram. Write similarities where he circle overlaps, and differences on the left and right side. Unsaturated fats Saturated fats • ________ d. supply e. ________ • energy from • b. ________ cells, maintain f. _________ • body temperature • c. ________ protect nerves g. ________

10. Fats 7. Why does the body need some cholesterol? ________________________________________________ 8. Why can to much cholesterol in the diet be harmful? ________________________________________________ • Compare the health effects of trans fats with those of unsaturated fats and saturated fats. __________________________________________________________________________________________________

11. Proteins 10. Complete the outline by adding important details about proteins. I. Proteins____________________________________________ A. Amino acids____________________________________ B. Essential amino acids_____________________________ C. Complete and incomplete proteins___________________ D. Daily protein intake______________________________ E. Proteins for vegetarians___________________________

12. Breaking a bad habit The key to breaking a bad habit is to replace it with a new, positive habit. Use this worksheet to follow the steps that will help you break a bad habit. • Define the habit you want to change. In the spaces below, describe the habit you want to change.______________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Set your goal. On the behavior contract below identify the specific goal you want to meet and set a realistic deadline for meeting it.

13. Breaking a bad habit Behavior Contract Habit:________________________ I______________ plan to ___________________ by___________________. I will reach this goal by doing the following target behavior: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. To create a supportive change environment, I will get help from the following role models:_____________________________, reward myself by_________________________ along the way, and by _________________________________ when I reach my goal. Signed________________ Date__________

14. Breaking a bad habit 3. Design an action plan. Spend a week monitoring your current habit. Record your observations.

15. Behavior Log Summarize you action plan on the behavior contract. Your plan should be a gradual, step-by-step process. Keep a log of your new daily behavior, including any setbacks. Target behavior ___________________

16. Breaking a bad habit 4. Build a supportive environment. Use this checklist to help you.

17. Create a crossword puzzle for the clues listed below. Practice Clues Across Clues Down 2. Links in a protein chain 1. Fats that are usually solid 4. nutrients that contain twice as at room temperature many calories as carbohydrates 3. Chemical processes by which 6. Sugar or starch, for short the body breaks down nutrients 7. Waxy, fatlike substance found for energy only in animal products 4. Type of complex carbohydrate 8. Fats made when manufactures add found in plants hydrogen to vegetable oils 5. Substance in food that supplies 9. Nutrient important for growth and energy and material for growth repair of body tissues repair and regulate body functions 6. Unit that measures the amount of energy released by nutrients

18. Review • Which three classes of nutrients supply the body with energy? • Define the term metabolism. How is metabolism related to the nutrients in food? • What roles do the following nutrients play in the body? a. carbohydrates b. fats c. proteins • What is cholesterol? How does diet affect cholesterol levels in the blood? Critical Thinking Comparing and Contrasting How do saturated fats differ from unsaturated fats? Name two sources of each type of fat.

19. Lesson Quiz 1 1. True 2. True 3. False 4. False 5. False 6. E 7. B 8. F 9. A 10. C

20. Lesson Two TSWBAT: CO 1. Identify the two main classes of vitamins. CO 2. List seven minerals your body needs in significant amounts. CO 3. Explain why water is so important to your body. LO 2. Using a T-chart list foods sources for Vitamins and Minerals.

21. Critical Vocabulary Vitamin Antioxidant Mineral Anemia homeostasis Electrolytes Dehydration

22. Vitamins, Minerals, and Water • Vitamins are nutrients that are made by living things, are needed in small amounts, and help in chemical reactions in the body. There are two classes of vitamins: fat-soluble vitamins, which dissolve in fatty materials, and water soluble vitamins, which dissolve in water. Fat-soluble vitamins, which include vitamins A, D, E, and K, can be stored by the body. Water-soluble vitamins include vitamin C, and all the B vitamins. They cannot be stored by the body. You should eat foods that supply these vitamins every day. Antioxidants are vitamins that help protect healthy cells from damage caused by aging and from certain types of cancer. Vitamin C and E are powerful antioxidants.

23. Minerals • Minerals are nutrients that your body needs in small amounts. They occur naturally in rocks and soil. You need seven minerals-calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, chlorine, and sulfur-in significant amounts. You need only traces of other minerals, such as iron, fluorine, iodine, copper, and zinc, if a person does not get enough iron, anemia can occur. Anemia is a condition in which the red blood cells do not contain enough hemoglobin.

24. Vitamins • Vitamins and mineral supplements are not usually necessary if your diet is notorious and well-balanced. If you take a vitamin or mineral supplement, take one that meets, but does not exceed, your needs. A health care provider can tell you the right amount of supplement to take.

25. Water • Water is essential to all life processes. Nearly all of the body’s chemical reactions, including those that produce energy and build new tissues, take place in a water solution. Water plays an important role in homeostasis the process of keeping a steady state inside your body. Water contains dissolved substances electrolytes, which regulate many processes in your cells. Sodium and potassium are electrolytes that are important for the nervous and muscular system. Dehydration is a serious reduction in the body’s water content. Dehydration can result form heavy perspiring or severe diarrhea. You should drink about 10 to 14 cups of water pr day.

26. Warm-up Myth Fact Writing: Where do you think most teens get their information about nutrition? How factual do you think their information is?

27. Practice • Minerals are nutrients required by the body in small amounts. Unlike vitamins which are made by living things, minerals occur naturally in rocks and soil. Plants absorb mineral form the soil. Plants absorb minerals form the soil through roots. Animals get minerals by eating plants or by eating animals that have eaten plants

28. Application Of the 24 different minerals that are essential to good health, seven are required in significant amounts. List these seven minerals in the table below. Then complete the table using information from you text. In the “Foods I Eat” column, brainstorm a list of foods sources of each mineral that you would actually eat.

29. Vitamins 1. Fat-soluble vitamins a. include ___________________________________________ b. food sources ______________________________________ 2. Water-soluble vitamins a. include ___________________________________________ b. food sources ______________________________________ Minerals 3. Complete the table about minerals that your body needs.

30. Vitamins and Mineral Supplement • 4. Complete the sentence below. • Vitamins and mineral supplements are not usually necessary if ______. • Water • 5. Complete the outline about the role that water plays in the body. • Water __________________________________________________ • a. Water and homeostasis____________________________________ • b. preventing dehydration ___________________________________ • c. how much water? _______________________________________ • d. water versus sports drinks_________________________________

31. Review • What are vitamins? How do they differ from minerals? • What are the two classes of vitamins? Which vitamins fall into each class? • Which seven minerals are needed by the body in significant amounts? • What roles does water play in the body? • Define homeostasis. Critical Thinking Relating Cause and Effect Explain how feelings of thirst can help a person maintain homeostasis on a hot day.

32. Lesson Quiz 2 1. C 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. False 7. True 8. True 8. True 10. False

33. Lesson Three TSWBAT: CO 1. Explain how the Dietary Guidelines for Americans can help you plan a healthful diet. CO 2. Summarize the recommendations in the MY Pyramid plan. LO 3. Create a worksheet for the Dietary Plan guideline and track the amount of serving you ate from each food group for a week.

34. Critical Vocabulary Dietary Guidelines for Americans Nutrient-dense food My Pyramid plan

35. Guidelines for Eating Healthy • The Dietary Guidelines for Americans is a document that provides information to promote health and help people reduce their risk for heart disease, cancer, and diabetes through diet and physical activity. The Dietary Guidelines provides information on how to make smart food choices, balance food intake with physical activity, get the most nutrition out of the calories you consume, and handle food safely. • Making smart food choices includes eating wide variety of healthy foods. Regular physical activity is important for overall health and fitness. So is choosing foods that are nutrient-dense. Nutrient-dense foods are high in vitamins and minerals compared to their calorie content, while at the same time being low in saturated fat, trans fat, added sugar, and salt. Handling, preparing, and storing food safely is another important part of good nutrition.

36. Conclusion • The My Pyramid plan groups food according to types and indicates how much of each type should be eaten daily for a healthy diet. The My Pyramid plan differ with a person’s age, sex, and activity level. The My Pyramid also includes physical activity as an important part of staying healthy. The pyramid consists of colored bands that represent the food groups and stair steps that represent physical activity. You can create your own personalizes My Pyramid plan. • To plan a nutritious diet, choose healthy food for breakfast, lunch, and dinner each day. Vary your diet at each meal. When snacking or eating at a fast-food restaurant, choose foods with high-nutrient density.

37. Warm-up Writing: Write a response to this teen to help solve the problem.

38. The Dietary Guidelines • 1. List four actions that the Dietary Guidelines recommend. • ___________________________________________________ • ___________________________________________________ • ___________________________________________________ • ___________________________________________________ • The “My Pyramid Plan” • 2. Complete the outline by adding important details about the • My Pyramid plan. • The My Pyramid plan__________________________________ • _______________________________________________________ • A. The colored bands ___________________________________ • ______________________________________________________ • B. The Stairs __________________________________________ • ______________________________________________________ • C. Creating your own My Pyramid plan ____________________ • ______________________________________________________

39. Using the Food Guidelines 3. Complete the graphic organizer with practical tips for following the Dietary Guidelines and the My Pyramid plan. Using the Food Guidelines Meals snacks eating out e. __________________________________________________f. _______________________________________________________________ a. You don’t need to eat every food group at every Meal b. ___________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ c. ____________ ______________ ______________ ______________ d. ____________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________

40. Practice and Application

41. Review • What are the four main recommendations contained in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans? • What does it mean to say that food is nutrient dense? Give an example of a nutrient-dense food. • What is indicated by the different bands in the MyPyramid Plan? What do the stair steps mean? Critical Thinking Classifying In the MyPyramid plan, the milk product butter is placed with oils rather than with the milk group. Who do you think it is classified this way?

42. Lesson Quiz 3 • True • False • False • True • False • D • C • B • D • A

43. 19. Nearly all the body’s chemical Reactions, including those that Produce energy and build new tissues, Take place in a water solution. Water Is also the main component of blood and tissue. Water also carries dissolved waste products out of the body and helps digest foods. Water helps regulate body temperature and contains electrolytes that regulate many cell processes. 20. You should consider age, sex, and activity level to create your own MyPyramid plan. The kind of foods you should eat most of are grains. The kind of foods you should eat least of are oils. Chapter 8 Test 11. True 12. False 13. True 14. False 15. True 16. B 17. B 18. A • D • B • E • A • C • Nutrients • Calories • Fiber • Antioxidants • Nutrient-dense