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The Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution. By:Ms Pojer and Ms Lucchesi. Why did the Industrial Revolution start in England? What were the short term and long term changes to economy, government, and society that resulted from the Industrial Revolution?.

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The Industrial Revolution

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  1. The Industrial Revolution By:Ms Pojer and Ms Lucchesi

  2. Why did the Industrial Revolution start in England? What were the short term and long term changes to economy, government, and society that resulted from the Industrial Revolution? Essential Question Industrial RevolutionI have a film you can borrow :)

  3. Why Did Industrialization Begin in England First?

  4. Late 18c: French Economic Advantages • Napoleonic Code. • French communal law. • Free contracts • Open markets • Uniform & clear commercial regulations • Standards weights & measures. • Established technical schools. • The government encouraged & honored inventors & inventions. • Bank of France  European modelproviding a reliable currency.

  5. French Economic Disadvantages • Years of war • Supported the AmericanRevolution. • French Revolution. • Early 19c  Napoleonic Wars • Heavy debts. • High unemployment  soldiersreturning from the battlefronts. • French businessmen were afraid to take risks.

  6. Industrial England: "Workshop of the World" That Nation of Shopkeepers! -- Napoleon Bonaparte

  7. The Enclosure Movement

  8. “Enclosed” Lands Today

  9. Metals, Woolens, & Canals

  10. Early Canals Britain’s Earliest Transportation Infrastructure

  11. Mine & Forge [1840-1880] • More powerful than water is coal. • More powerful than wood is iron. • Innovations make steel feasible. • “Puddling” [1820] – “pig iron.” • “Hot blast” [1829] – cheaper, purer steel. • Bessemer process [1856] – strong, flexible steel.

  12. Coalfields & Industrial Areas

  13. Young Coal Miners

  14. Child Labor in the Mines Child “hurriers”

  15. British Pig Iron Production

  16. Richard Arkwright:“Pioneer of the Factory System” The “Water Frame”

  17. The Results of Industrialization at the end of the 19c

  18. By 1850: Zones of Industrializationon the European Continent • Northeast France. • Belgium. • The Netherlands. • Western German states. • Northern Italy • East Germany  Saxony

  19. Industrialization By 1850

  20. Railroads on the Continent

  21. Share in World Manufacturing Output: 1750-1900

  22. Effects on the Economy

  23. Factory Production • Concentrates production in oneplace [materials, labor]. • Located near sources of power [rather than labor or markets]. • Requires a lot of capital investment[factory, machines, etc.] morethan skilled labor. • Only 10% of English industry in 1850.

  24. Textile FactoryWorkers in England

  25. The Factory System • Rigid schedule. • 12-14 hour day. • Dangerous conditions. • Mind-numbing monotony.

  26. Textile FactoryWorkers in England

  27. John Kay’s “Flying Shuttle”

  28. The Power Loom

  29. James Watt’s Steam Engine

  30. Steam Tractor

  31. An Early Steam Locomotive

  32. The Railroad

  33. Later Locomotives

  34. The Impact of the Railroad

  35. “The Great Land Serpent”

  36. Effects on Society

  37. Crystal Palace Exhibition: 1851 Exhibitions of the new industrial utopia.

  38. The Crystal Palace Exhibition 1851, London • The World’s Fair • Industrialization • Nationalism • Materialism

  39. Exhibition vs Reality

  40. The "Haves": Bourgeois Life Thrived on the Luxuries of the Industrial Revolution

  41. Factory Wages in Lancashire, 1830

  42. 19c Bourgeoisie: The Industrial Nouveau Riche

  43. Criticism of the New Bourgeoisie

  44. Typical English Middle Class

  45. Stereotype of the Factory Owner

  46. “Upstairs”/“Downstairs” Life

  47. The "Have-Nots": The Poor, The Over-Worked, & the Destitute

  48. Worker and the Colonized

  49. Industrial Staffordshire

  50. Problems of Polution The Silent Highwayman - 1858

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