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Chapter 1: From the Origins of Agriculture to the First River-Valley Civilizations, 8000-1500 B.C.E

By: Estefany Ramos Period 1. Chapter 1: From the Origins of Agriculture to the First River-Valley Civilizations, 8000-1500 B.C.E. Geography on early Civilizations.

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Chapter 1: From the Origins of Agriculture to the First River-Valley Civilizations, 8000-1500 B.C.E

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  1. By: Estefany Ramos Period 1 Chapter 1: From the Origins of Agriculture to the First River-Valley Civilizations, 8000-1500 B.C.E

  2. Geography on early Civilizations • The earliest societies developed in the floodplains of great rivers in Asia and Africa: Tigris and Euphrates in Iraq, Indus in Pakistan, Yellow River in China, and the Nile in Egypt. • The periodic flooding on the rivers brought benefits( deposits of fertile silt and water for agriculture) but threatened lives and property. • The climate made an impact of the crops.

  3. Time-line: Mesopotamia 3000-2350 B.C.E Early Dynastic ( Sumerian) 2112-2004 B.C.E Third Dynasty of Ur ( Sumerian) 1500-1150 B.C.E Kassite 1900-1600 B.C.C Old Babylonian ( Semitic) 2350-2230 B.C.E Akkadian ( Semitic)

  4. Time-Line: Egypt 2575- 2134 B.C.E Old Kingdom 2040-1640 B.C.E Middle Kingdom 1532-1070 B.C.E New Kingdom 3100-2575 B.C.E Early Dynastic 2134-2040 B.C.E First Intermediate Period 1640-1532- B.C.E Second Intermediate Period

  5. Time-line: Indus Valley 2600 B.C.E Beginning of Indus Valley Civilization 1900 B.C.E End of Indus Valley Civilization

  6. Why they were called civilizations • Cities served as administrative centers • Had a political system on control of a defined territory rather than kinship connections • Monumental building • Major advances in science and technology • Long distance trade • System for keeping permanent records

  7. Independent Invention vs. Diffusion

  8. Indus Valley vs. Egypt vs. Mesopotamia

  9. Activity • Take out a piece of paper and match the following terms: 1. Paleolithic __ 2. Foragers __ 3. Neolithic __ a. hunting and food-gathering people b. the New Stone Age, which was associated with the origins of agriculture, followed Old Stone Age. c. the Old Stone Age, lasted until 10,000 years ago about 3,00 years after the last Ice Age

  10. Chapter 2: New Civilizations in the Eastern and Western Hemispheres 2200-250 B.C.E By: Lyanne Danh

  11. New Civilizations • China ( 2000 - 221 B.C.E ) • Nubia ( 3100 B.C.E - 350 C.E ) • Olmecs & Chavin ( 1200 - 250 B.C.E )

  12. China • Eastern edge of Eurasian landmass • Neolithic cultures developed in 8000 B.C.E • 2nd millennium Shang & Zhou monarchs emerged and spread to the south and west • Such as Mesopotamia , Egypt, & Indus Valley

  13. Rise of cities and specialized in labor, beuratic government and writing • Were isolated from the eastern hemisphere • Highly decentralized , made Great Wall, collected taxes & wrote the code of laws • Loess was a yellow - brownish dust that fell into the Yellow River giving it its name • Surrounded by mountains • Made transport , migration and communications difficult and slow

  14. Shang and Zhou dynasties • Had pottery and forms of burials • Grew millet , raised pigs & chickens and used stone tools • Originated by the yellow river • Made silk with silk worms • Extended to the Yangzi river and into Mongolia • Barbarians were highly nomadic people

  15. Prisoners turned into slaves • Bronze was a sign of nobility • Shang artisans made weapons • Spoke Mandarin & Cantonese & hieroglyphics were replaced by simpler alphabet • Used divination and lasted more than 6 centuries

  16. Zhou had longest line of kings • King chose the next ruler • Gov’t officials and king were models of morality, fairness & concern for welfare of the people

  17. Religions • Legalism - wealth and power of the state & demands for obedience were justified by authorian political philosophy • Confucianism - Confucius emphasized benevolence, avoidance of violence, justice, rationalism, loyalty & dignity • Daoism - Laozi emphasized to Follow your path

  18. Nubia • Applied to the Nile & Egyptians called it Ta-sety ( Land of the bow ) • Served as a corridor for trade • Natural resources were gold, copper, and semiprecious stones • Got the name Kush • Kushite craftsmen were skillful metalworkers • Egyptians destroyed Kush by expansion

  19. High ranking Egyptian officials called “ overseers of southern lands “ or “ King’s son of Kush “ • Retained Egyptian language, culture & religion • 12OO B.C.E Collapsed

  20. Olmecs & Chavins • Migrated from Asia as early as 3500-2500 B.C.E • Was in Mesoamerica • Armenians specialized in obsidian, quartz, jade and in indigenous plants and animals • Had a lot of diversity between plants and fishing • Early Adv in agriculture • Cultural core in San Lorenzo

  21. La Venta most important olmec center & was destroyed in 600 B.C.E • High quality crafts & had a more diverse diet • Combination of religious and secular roles • Best known for their sculptures • Associates with Gods by human sacrifices and giving them their blood

  22. Chavins had a more diverse environment • Located in the Andean region • Most impressive of South America’s earliest civilizations • Dominated dense populated regions • Located on the intersection of trade routes

  23. Made roads, bridges, temples, palaces, large irrigation, drainage and textiles • Used llamas to move goods • Decorated buildings with serpents, condors , jaguars or human forms • Had a class system & influenced Andean regions for centuries

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