Chapter 14 The Civil War

1. Chapter 14 The Civil War

2. The Deep South leaves the Union South Carolina Dec 20 Mississippi Jan 9 Florida Jan 10 Alabama Jan 11 Georgia Jan 19 Louisiana Jan 26 Texas Feb 1

3. President Vice President Jefferson Alexander Davis Stephens

4. No state has the right to secede, but I have no authority to stop them

5. Crittenden’s Compromise Amendment to guarantee slavery south of 36 ° 30’ For all future territorial gains Rejected by Republicans

6. Confederates want all Federal property within their borders Two places they haven’t gotten: Fort Pickens - Pensacola Fort Sumter – South Carolina

7. Lincoln needs to get supplies to fort-will send only food South’s problem: Allow food & look like they are giving in Stop it & start war

8. Fort Sumter April 12, 1861 Charleston Harbor

9. P.G.T. Beauregard

10. Robert Anderson

11. Abner Doubleday

13. Theories on Civil War *Charles Beard - 2nd American Revolution *James Randall - The Blundering Generation

14. North South Population 61% 39% RR mileage 66% 34% Farms 33% 67% Wealth Produces 25% 75% Factories 81% 19%

15. The North Produces: 32 times amount of Firearms 20 times Pig Iron 13 times Sheet Iron 11 times Ships 30 times Shoes/Boots 24 times Locomotives

16. ADVANTAGES South *Military Background *fight Defensive *Didn’t have to win North *More !!! *Established government

17. How the North paid for the War *Taxes – 1st income tax *Greenbacks– not backed by gold/silver 64 - 39% of gold 65 – 67% *Loans – bonds private $400 m Banks $2.6 b

18. How the South paid for the War *Taxes – only 5% *Printed Money At start 90% of gold 1863 6% 1865 < 1%

19. Inflation 1863 1865 $1 lb meat $5 $50 barrel flour $1000 Confederate private $11 per month

20. Manpower At start of war US Army has 16,000 men Congress calls for 500,000 volunteers for 3 years Some state units select officers

21. By 1863 North is forced to go to a draft Could hire a sub or pay $300 North will have 2 million in uniform

22. New York Draft Riots July 1863 ~100 killed

23. South will switch to draft in 1862 All white males 18-35 for 3 years Could also buy way out Have 900,000 serve

24. Transition to Modern War *Use of Railroad & Telegraph *Use of factories & transition to war economy *Rifle changes tactics

25. Enfield P53 Rifle Sharp’s 1859 Rifle

26. 80 yards Musket 300 yards Rifle

27. Henry Carbine Spencer Carbine

28. Strategy

29. King Cotton

30. Anaconda Plan *blockade the coast *control Mississippi River *capture key points

31. War in the East

32. Lincoln has to pick a commander Winfield Scott too old and fat He recommends his old adjutant

33. Lincoln offers command, but is turned down

34. Irwin McDowell

35. 1st Bull Run Manassas Junction July 21, 1861 PGT Beauregard & Joseph Johnston

36. Manassas Junction

37. “There stands Jackson like a stonewall”

38. George McClellan

39. Peninsula Campaign

40. Quaker Guns

41. Robert E. Lee

42. John Pope Headquarters in the saddle

43. 2nd Battle of Bull Run *Pope tries to catch Jackson *Longstreet surprises Pope *McClellan does nothing

44. James Longstreet

45. Mac is Back!

46. Antietam *Lee moves North *Lost Order *Bloodiest day of war

47. Miller’s Cornfield

48. The Cornfield

49. Sunken Road

50. Sunken Road