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History of Marine Science

History of Marine Science. Lecture 2. Ponce de Leon. found the gulf stream by accident en-route to Cuba. John Harrison. In 1760, he solved the problem of calculating longitude. James Cook.

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History of Marine Science

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  1. History of Marine Science Lecture 2

  2. Ponce de Leon • found the gulf stream by accident en-route to Cuba.

  3. John Harrison • In 1760, he solved the problem of calculating longitude.

  4. James Cook • In 1786, James Cook’s 3 voyages discovered Australia, New Zealand and circumnavigated Antarctica. He and his crew were killed in Hawaii.

  5. Ben Franklin. • named and mapped the Gulf Stream while serving as Postmaster general for the colonies

  6. Matthew Fountaine Maury • The Father of Oceanography. • He published the first oceanography text as a military tool for use during the Civil War. Pathfinder of the Seas

  7. The Birth of Oceanography • 1872, HMS Challenger was the first scientific voyage. It lasted only 3 years, but took 20 years to analyze the data collected.

  8. The First School • In 1900, Prince Albert of Monaco established the first Oceanographic School.

  9. The Titanic Disaster • 1912 - April 15, the White Star Liner Titanic sinks with horrendous loss of life after striking an iceberg in the North Atlantic Ocean. This leads to a concerted effort to devise an acoustic means of discovering objects in the water forward of the bow of a moving vessel.

  10. Meteor Explorations. • 1925-1927 - The German Meteor expedition systematically surveys the South Atlantic with echo-sounding equipment and other oceanographic instruments, proving beyond a doubt the continuity of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. • made 14 crossings of the Atlantic Ocean

  11. William Beebe • made a descent of 3028 ft. in the first bathysphere in 1934.

  12. Cousteau • During WWII, Cousteau invented SCUBA and many other devices that opened the ocean to millions.

  13. 1950 IGY, International Geophysical Year – Studied the Indian Ocean

  14. Trieste (bathyscaphe) • Descended 36,000 ft. into the Mariana Trench in the Pacific – the deepest depth in the ocean.

  15. Project FAMOUS • (French American Mid-Ocean Undersea Study) and Deep Sea Drilling Project researched plate tectonics with the ship, Glomar Challenger.

  16. Satellite • 1978 SEASAT satellite launched for measuring global surface temperature, bio-productivity, and wave heights.

  17. JOIDES • 1987- Joint Oceanographic Institutions Deep Earth Sampling drilled on the ocean floor at a depth of 27,000 ft. and went 1000 ft. into the ocean floor sediments.

  18. GPS • 1990’s – Global Positioning Satellites were opened for public access.

  19. International Year of the Ocean 1998 • By declaration of the United Nations, The purpose of YOTO is to promote public awareness and understanding of the oceans, a dominant aspect of the environment.

  20. Ocean Act of 2000 passed by Congress on July 25, 2000, and signed into law by the President on August 7, 2000. • To establish a commission to make recommendations for a coordinated and comprehensive national ocean policy that will promote: • (1) protection of life and property(2) stewardship of ocean and coastal resources(3) protection of marine environment and prevention of marine pollution(4) enhancement of maritime commerce(5) expansion of human knowledge of the marine environment(6) investments in technologies to promote energy and food security(7) close cooperation among government agencies(8) U.S. leadership in ocean and coastal activities.

  21. Ocean Literacy • 2005, NOAA publishes Ocean Literacy Standards to address the importance of Ocean Education. • Ocean literacy is an understanding of the oceans influence on you and your influence on the ocean. • An ocean-literate person understands:- the essential principles and fundamental concepts,- can communicate about the oceans in a meaningful way,- is able to make informed and responsible decisions regarding the oceans and its resources. • In this course we intend to make you Ocean Literate and More!!!

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