The Condensed Version WWII

1. The Condensed VersionWWII SSUSH19 The student will identify the origins, major developments, and the domestic impact of World War II, especially the growth of the federal government. a. Explain A. Philip Randolph’s proposed march on Washington, D.C., and President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s response. b. Explain the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the internment of Japanese- Americans, German-Americans, and Italian-Americans. c. Explain major events; include the lend-lease program, the Battle of Midway, D-Day, and the fall of Berlin. d. Describe war mobilization, as indicated by rationing, war-time conversion, and the role of women in war industries. e. Describe the Manhattan Project at Los Alamos and the scientific, economic, and military implications of developing the atomic bomb. f. Compare the geographic locations of the European Theater and the Pacific Theater and the difficulties the U.S. faced in delivering weapons, food, and medical supplies to troops.

2. Germany (1939) Italy (1939) Japan (1940) Hungary (1940) Romania (1940) Bulgaria (1941) Great Britain (1939) France (1939) U.S.S.R. (1941) U.S. (1941) China 43 other countries Axis vs. Allies

3. The American Response • Neutrality Acts(1935, 1936,1937) • “cash and carry” trading war materials • Established an embargo against unfriendly nations • Isolationism– policy since WWI • “Fortress America” – build up defenses • American Involvement Grows • Selective Service Act (1940) – first peace-time draft • Roosevelt wins 3rd term • “Arsenal of Democracy” – increased America’s military build-up • Lend-Lease Act (April 1941) – gave financial aid and military equipment to the allies (economic declaration of war against Germany) • Pacific fleet moved to Pearl Harbor

4. Japan Attacks Pearl Harbor • U.S. warns Japan about further expansion into Asia • Embargo on U.S. resources to Japan- 1940, • Japanese-U.S. negotiations • P.M. Hideki Tojo • December 7, 1941 – “a date which will live in infamy” Japan attacks the U.S. in Hawaii • Effect- U.S. declares war on Japan! • U.S. enters World War II • Germany and Italy declare war on the U.S.

5. Japanese Internment • Internment – temporary imprisonment of members of a specific group • Japanese American men, women & children were moved to camps in isolated western states. • *Some west coast leaders questioned Japanese – Americans loyalty • Lived in barracks without heat/air • food shortages, bad medical care, many died • *FDR claimed that national military security and necessity justified the action.

6. March on D.C. & FDR’s response • A. Philip Randolph: demanded that African Americans be given the right to work & fightfor their country • Gave FDR a list of demands including fair practices in govern. training, and employment with armed services. • Randolph proposed a protest march on Wash. D.C . • Was cancelled after FDR established the Fair Employment Practices Committee

7. March on D.C. & FDR’s response - continued • FDR feared a protest march would undermine wartime unity and provide ammunition for enemy propaganda. • Issued Executive Order 8802: assured fair hiring practices in any job funded with government money & established Fair Employment Practices Committee to enforce the rules • More African Americans joined NAACP & set stage for modern civil rights movement!! • Eleanor Roosevelt visits Tuskegee • Tuskegee Airmen

8. Allied Victories Turn the Tide • Turning point in the THE PACIFIC!!!!! Vs. Japanese The Battle of Midway (June 4-7, 1942) New kind of naval battle: aircraft carriers -Japan tried to lure rest of U.S. fleet • Japan loses all 4 aircraft carriers AND puts Japan on the DEFENSIVE. • Allies start island hopping

9. The Invasion of Western Europe • The Air War • The RAF of Britain bombing Germany • Allied bombing to soften Germany for an invasion • Carpet bombing • Allies Prep for Invasion of Coast of France • *D-Day (June 6, 1944) Largest landing of Allies forces in history…invade Normandy (Coast of France) • Allied forces crossed mined beaches..many lost lives • "See you on the beach" • *Fall of Berlin: Allies take steps toward reaching Berlin Germany & the Nazi’s, leads to immediate end of WWII!

10. U.S. difficulties in delivering supplies • long sea passages were endured to deliver equipment and weapons to troops in the Pacific, African and European Theatres!

11. ****The Manhattan Project****(Dr. J. Robert Oppenhimer • Secret project to develop the power of the atomic weapon/bomb • Albert Einstein • Jewish physicist • Told FDR of capabilities of nuclear weapons • 3 main cities: Chicago, Los Alamos, N.M. & Oak Ridge, TN. • July, 1945, 1st nuclear bomb tested in New Mexico • The Decision to Drop the Bomb by Pres. Truman was….. “to save American lives” WWII interactive Einstein Pres. Truman

12. Japan Surrenders!! • August 6, 1945 • “Little Boy” dropped on Hiroshima • August 9, 1945 • “Fat Man” dropped on Nagasaki • August 14, 1945V-J Day (Victory in Japan Day)

13. Working Women of World War II • Engaged in heavy industrial work… • Women, usually married, older than in the past. African-Americans & minorities also filled the gap of men going to war. • WAAC - Women's Auxiliary Army Corps: women were Recruited as nurses and radio operators, Pilots, mechanics WWII interactive • Rosie the Riveter Cultural icon of the United States, representing the American women who worked in war factories during World War II, ...

14. To Help Finance the War: • Federal Government encouraged American citizens to buy war bonds • sold for as little as $18.75 and matured in ten years, at which time the U. S. government paid the bondholder $25 • The Homefront of America during WWII was described as a “daily sacrifice”

15. The Home Front • The production miracle • American industry crushed the Axis powers beneath an overwhelming weight of weaponry. • Prior to World War II, airplanes and ships had been built one at a time. Led by Henry Ford and Henry J. Kaiser, American companies learned how to use assembly line techniques to mass produce these and other weapons. • By 1944, round-the-clock shifts were turning out a new bomber every hour and a cargo ship every 17 days. Between 1940 and 1945, factories in the United States produced a staggering total of 296,429 warplanes, 5,425 cargo ships, and 102,351 tanks and self-propelled guns.

16. Rationing Food rationing began in 1942. Items such as sugar, meat, butter, canned vegetables and fruits all required coupons (also known as rationing stamps). Allotments were based on family size. Families that were able planted Victory Gardens to supplement their diets. Rationing of gasoline, sugar, and tires lead to some black marketeering, although, most Americans bore the hardships with a good spirit because they knew everyone was in the same position and the goods they gave up were destined for servicemen and women overseas.

17. Legacy of WWII • During War, Hitler had millions of European Jews and other groups murdered as targets of the HOLOCAUST • Liberation of concentration camps revealed full extent of Nazi brutality

18. Effects of WWII • Global disaster • 50 million lost their lives • Much of Europe, Africa and Asia lay in ruins • Germany divided into 4 zones by U.S. Britain, France and Soviet Union • U.S. occupied Japan • U.S. and Soviet Union after WWII were….. two super-powers