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Geography of Health

Geography of Health. Influence of health and well-being. Review. What do these terms mean? TFR IMR Life Expectancy Child Mortality. Health and well-being. Closely related to the environment and location Ex. Malaria Ex. Farms/Rural Areas DIFFUSION of health…see it right now with Ebola.

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Geography of Health

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  1. Geography of Health Influence of health and well-being

  2. Review • What do these terms mean? • TFR • IMR • Life Expectancy • Child Mortality

  3. Health and well-being • Closely related to the environment and location • Ex. Malaria • Ex. Farms/Rural Areas • DIFFUSION of health…see it right now with Ebola

  4. Disease Categories • Infectious diseases: makes up about 65% of total disease, result from an invasion of parasites and their multiplication in the body ex. Malaria • Chronic Disease (degenerative): sicknesses of longevity and old age ex. Heart disease • Genetic diseases (inherited): disease that can be traced through ancestry ex. Sickle-cell anemia • Can be spatially important because they tend to appear in certain areas of the glob and in particular populations, suggesting the need for special and local treatment

  5. Infectious Diseases • Ex. Malaria, HIV/AIDS, common cold, flu, Ebola • Vectored: need an intermediary to spread the disease, like a mosquito and malaria- the intermediary spreads the disease from host to host • Intermediaries: mosquitoes, flies, worms, snails GROSS • Found often in tropical-environments • Non-vectored: transmitted by direct contact between host and victim ex. Flu, Ebola, HIV

  6. Leading Cause of Disease in the US _____ Accidents _____ Diabetes _____ Strokes _____ Cancer _____ Alzheimer’s _____ Lung Diseases _____ Heart Disease _____ Pneumonia/Influenza What do the above have in common? (Type of disease?) Label them from 1-8 in order from highest to lowest ( in terms of leading causes of death in the US) Open your textbook to page 70 for the answers!

  7. Chronic Disease • Afflictions of the old age and middle age • Show up in places with higher life expectancies • About 100 years ago, TB, pneumonia, diarrheal diseases and heart disease were top killers in the US-compare this to you chart on the previous slide! • Globally: diseases of infancy have been mostly defeated • Infectious diseases less serious threat

  8. Chronic Disease • Thanks to healthier lifestyles, vaccinations, better nutrition and technology, living longer • What role will cell-phone use and chemicals around us and in our food have on health in the future? Despite all our advancements, diabetes and hearth disease and obesity still plague the US population! We know better, but…..

  9. Genetic Disease • Great little mysteries for medical geographers! • Transferred from on generation to the next (on to the next one, on to the next one) • Metabolic diseases are prominent ex. Lactose intolerant

  10. AIDS • Low life expectancies in some parts of the world are caused by the ravages of diseases such as AIDS; rapidly diffused in the 1980s creating one of the greatest health catastrophes of the century-has largest impact in Africa

  11. AIDS HIV/AIDS is a global disease that weakens the body and its immune system and over the past 20 years the AIDS pandemic has reached nearly all areas of the globe-social stigmas and untested infected people make the actual statics lag behind the real numbers. Sub-Saharan Africa has been hit the greatest and is now the leading cause of death on the continent. AIDS is reshaping the population structure of the countries hardest hit by the disease. Geographers doing fieldwork to understand the effect within families found that number of children orphaned by AIDS is growing, many young girls are taken out of school to act as caregivers for relatives with AIDS, families lose income and labor. Positives include AIDS related deaths are declining globally. African economies will be affected for years to come and will constrain development.

  12. AIDS • Check out page 71 in your book • Projected population pyramids for countries with high rates of aids infection no longer show pyramids-they show chimneys, this reflects the major impact AIDS play on the younger population (see pyramid on p 71)-cause higher death rates among young women than young men as men will take younger brides and increasing the rate of AIDS in younger females. Decline in deaths due to increased access to drugs and better health care for people living with the disease and a decline in new infection and with government intervention Ex. Uganda

  13. Thinking Spatially Study figure 2.19: IMR in the US HYPOTHESIZE why the IMR is low in some regions of the country and high in others. Shift SCALES in your mind and take one state and choose on state to consider: how do you think IMR varies within this state? What other factors are involved at this scale and this level of generalization to explain the pattern of IMRs? Use the population Internet sites at the end of CHAPTER 2 in your text to help determine whether your hypotheses are correct.

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