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Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) – Affect on Maternal/Child health

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) – Affect on Maternal/Child health. Valda Boyd Ford, MPH, MS, RN CEO, Center for Human Diversity Coordinator, Community Response to STDs And Laurel S. Marsh Executive Director ACLU Nebraska September 30, 2010. Why are we here????.

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Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) – Affect on Maternal/Child health

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  1. Sexually Transmitted Infections(STIs) – Affect on Maternal/Child health Valda Boyd Ford, MPH, MS, RN CEO, Center for Human Diversity Coordinator, Community Response to STDs And Laurel S. Marsh Executive Director ACLU Nebraska September 30, 2010

  2. Why are we here???? Learn Some Stuff. Help our communities.

  3. Overview www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/tutorials/sexuallytransmitteddiseases/htm/_no_50_no_0.htm

  4. Recognizing signs and symptoms • Burning, itching, discharge - genitals • Sores - genital, anal or oral • Warts or lumps – genital • Foul smell from genitals • Painful bowel movements • But REMEMBER many STIs do not have symptoms or may have intermittent symptoms that may not be noticed

  5. Health Care Providers • MUST offer a safe supportive environment to discuss STIs • MUST be comfortable asking pertinent questions about sexual activity including type: anal, vaginal, oral • MUST be proactive (and sensitive) about assisting vulnerable populations with STI prevention and treatment

  6. Bacterial STI'S - Curable Infections (M=Mom; B=Baby)Method of TransferTreatment Gonorrhea • M - Can result in ectopic pregnancies and leads to Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID), which can cause infertility • B - Premature birth, stillbirth, eye infections • Can transfer in the birth canal during delivery • M - Antibiotics approved by OB/GYN • B - Antibiotics are given in the eyes to prevent infection Chlamydia • M - Can result in ectopic pregnancies and leads to Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID), which can cause infertility • B - Pneumonia, eye infections, blindness • Can transfer in the birth canal during delivery • M & B - Antibiotics approved by OB/GYN Syphilis • M - Miscarriage • B - Stillbirth, congenital syphilis which can result in mental & physical problems • Can cross the placenta and can transfer in the birth canal during delivery • M & B - Antibiotics approved by OB/GYN can be given to prevent damage to the fetus

  7. Bacterial infections, continued Trichomoniasis • M - Can cause fallopian tube damage • B - Premature birth, low birth weight • Can transfer in the birth canal during delivery • M & B - Antibiotics approved by OB/GYN Bacterial Vaginosis • B - Premature birth, low birth weight • Can transfer in the birth canal during delivery • M & B - Antibiotics approved by OB/GYN

  8. Viral STI'S -Infections that are not curable Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) • M - Can lead to genital cancer • B - Warts can develop in baby's throat which will require surgery • M & B - Warts in birth canal cause complications during delivery • Can transfer in the birth canal during delivery, but very rare • M & B - Wart treatment during pregnancy = OB/GYN approval Herpes • M - Severe first trimester outbreak can result in miscarriage • B - Fetus is at higher risk if herpes is contracted during pregnancy, and can lead to neonatal herpes. • Can transfer via birth canal during delivery/rarely cross placenta • M - No cure, but outbreaks can be treated with oral medication • B - Treatment immediately following birth improves chances of a health baby

  9. Viral infections, continued Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) • M & B - HIV can develop into AIDS, which is fatal • Can cross the placenta during pregnancy and can transfer in the birth canal during delivery. Also possible to transfer through breastfeeding • M - Antiviral medication is given to reduce symptoms during pregnancy • B - Treatment during pregnancy greatly reduces the chance of transmission to the baby Hepatitis B • M - Can cause significant damage to the liver • B - Unless treated within an hour of birth 90% of babies will be a carrier for life • Can transfer in the birth canal during delivery • B - No cure, but can be prevented with vaccinations

  10. STDs in Douglas County Douglas County Health Department 03/16/2010

  11. Sexually Transmitted Diseases Douglas County, NE 1995-2009 * Primary and Secondary Syphilis Based on Date of Report Douglas County Health Department 02/05/2010

  12. Sexually Transmitted Diseases Douglas County, NE 1995-2009 * Population Estimates from Woods & Poole Economics Projections for Douglas County ** Primary and Secondary Syphilis Based on Date of Report Douglas County Health Department 02/05/2010

  13. Chlamydia Rates Douglas County, Nebraska, and U.S.A. 1995-2009 * Population Estimates from Woods & Poole Economics Projections for Douglas County ** Source: CDC Wonder Interactive STD Database NA – The data was not available at this time. Based on Date of Report Douglas County Health Department 03/16/2010

  14. Number of Chlamydia Cases by Age Group Douglas County, NE 2008 - 2009 Douglas County Health Department 02/05/2010 Based on Date of Report

  15. Chlamydia Cases by Age Group Douglas County, Nebraska 2009 Total Cases = 2,657 Douglas County Health Department 02/05/2010 Based on Date of Report

  16. Percentage of Chlamydia Cases by Age Group Douglas County, NE 2008 - 2009 Douglas County Health Department 02/05/2010 Based on Date of Report

  17. Gonorrhea Rates Douglas County, Nebraska, and U.S.A. 1995-2009 * Population Estimates from Woods & Poole Economics Projections for Douglas County ** Source: CDC Wonder Interactive STD Database NA – The data was not available at this time. Based on Date of Report Douglas County Health Department 03/16/2010

  18. Number of Gonorrhea Cases by Age Group Douglas County, NE 2008 - 2009 Douglas County Health Department 02/05/2010 Based on Date of Report

  19. Gonorrhea Cases by Age Group Douglas County, Nebraska 2009 Total Cases = 940 Douglas County Health Department 02/05/2010 Based on Date of Report

  20. Percentage of Gonorrhea Cases by Age Group Douglas County, NE 2008 - 2009 Douglas County Health Department 02/05/2010 Based on Date of Report

  21. * Population based on 2000 US Census Based on Date of Report Douglas County Health Department 02/05/2010

  22. * Population based on 2000 US Census Based on Date of Report Douglas County Health Department 02/05/2010

  23. Gonorrhea Rates by Zip Code Both Sexes, 15 to 24 Age Group Douglas County, Nebraska - Five Year Average * Population based on 2000 US Census Based on Date of Report Douglas County Health Department 02/05/2010

  24. What can be done to change this trend? • - Increase awareness in the community • - Ask for assistance from everybody in the community • - Change priorities in organizations to make a difference • - Support programs that effect behavior change in the community • - Treat the epidemic

  25. What can YOU do? • Get involved • Call for legislative action and community action • Be educated about the risks and the solutions • Talk to everyone and encourage them to talk to everyone!

  26. Thank You!!!

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