Earth Science midterm Exam review

1. Use the lines to the right on your sheet to answer the questions. Most of the underlined words are hyperlinks to videos or animations that may aid you. Earth Science midterm Exam review Created by Team SheeShee, Mumsy, and the Hack Daddy

2. Phases of the Moon • Identify the phases of the moon 1 8 2 3 7 6 4 5

3. Moon Features/Exploration • The ______________ missions in the 1960’s and 70’s put scientists on the moon to study its geology. • The moon’s dark surfaces are called ___________ which are made of solidified volcanic rock. • The moon does not have its own _______________. • The moon is the farthest that any human has ever _____________. • The moon formed when a small planetesimal _________ the Earth and splashed off a piece.

4. Eclipses • Label the diagram below with the following. • Lunar or Solar Eclipse • Umbra • Penumbra

5. Tides • Tides on Earth are caused by the ________________ of the moon and its position. • The moon is the main cause for tides, but the gravity of the ____________ is also a small factor. • There are _______ high tides and _______ low tides in a day. • Each month, there are two ____________ tides and ___________ tides. • The ______________ range is greatest during a spring tide. • It would be in your best interest to understand and diagram the differences between spring and neap tides.

6. Models of the Solar System • Put the following solar system models in chronological order: • Ptolemy's geocentric model • Copernicus’ heliocentric model • Kepler’s planetary laws of motion

7. Features of the Sun • Label the parts of the sun • The sun is made up of two main elements: • __________ • __________ • The process of • ____________ is how the sun generates energy.

8. Features of the Sun, 2 • _________________ are dark, cooler spots on the sun’s surface. • _________________ create solar winds that can disrupt communication and weather patterns on Earth. • Arc shaped flares are called _____________________.

9. Seasons • The Earth’s _____________ and ___________ of its axis causes seasons. The tilt is _________ degrees. • Label the seasons based on the Earth’s position. • What time of day is the sun closest to being directly over head? _____________

10. Revolution • One full revolution of the Earth around the sun takes __________ days. • The Earth’s revolution around the sun is _________________ shaped. • The ____________ model is the belief that the sun revolved around the Earth. The true nature of the solar system is that it is ______________, putting the sun in the center.

11. Planets • Label the picture and write one fact about each planet. Color inner planets red and outer blue.

12. Comets • Put a 1 in the box that points to the Dust Tail. • Put a 2 in the box pointing to the Plasma tail. • Put a 3 in the box pointing to the Coma. • The _________ tail always points away from the sun while the __________ tail always trails the comet.

13. Earth Impacts • Meteoroids are traveling towards Earth but haven’t entered the atmosphere, yet. • Meteors are flashes of light or “shooting stars” from the burning up of meteoroids in the atmosphere. • Meteorites are meteors that actually come in contact with earth. Draw each of these 3 below.

14. Solar System Formation • All the planets are roughly the same _________. • Be familiar with the diagram below:

15. Distances • 1 light year = distance light __________ in 1 year. • 1 AU = distance between _______ and ________. • What unit would you use to measure the distance between Earth and: • The moon ___________ • The Sun ___________ • Polaris ___________ • Mars ___________

16. Star life cycle • Fill in the missing stars

17. Stars • Give an example of each of the following: • A galaxy: __________________ • A star: __________________ • A constellation: __________________ • A circumpolar star: __________________ • A star system: __________________

18. Galaxies • Look at the shapes of galaxies. Which shape is our galaxy? • ____________ is the force that holds our galaxy together.

19. HR Diagram • In the box below, draw a simple HR diagram.

20. Red Shift • ______________ is the use of light spectrum emissions to determine the composition of stars. • We can use red shift and blue shift to describe a stars _________________. • If the star is moving towards us, it has a _________ shift. This means the light wavelengths are becoming shortened. • If the star is moving away from us, it has a __________ shift. This means the light wavelengths are becoming ________________. • Most stars show red shift, supporting Hubble’s _______________________ theory.

21. Magnitude • Magnitude is another name for ______________. • A stars ________________ magnitude refers to it’s actual brightness. • ________________ magnitude refers to how bright a star appears to be. • Use these two terms to compare our Sun to Betelgeuse (supergiant): • ________________________________________________________________________________________

22. Atmosphere • Circle the layer where the majority of weather takes place. • Put hearts around the layer that is least dense. • Put a rectangle around the layer that contains ozone. • Draw a line that describes temperature change through the layers.

23. Humidity and Precipitation • List the changes of state that water goes through on Earth. • ________________ • ________________ • ________________ • ________________ • ____ _____is the temperature that water condenses on or near Earth’s surface. • Air that cannot hold any more water vapor is called ___________________. • What tool is used to measure humidity? __________________

24. Air pressure • A __________________ is used to measure air pressure. • Which of the following will decrease air pressure? • increased latitude • increased elevation • increased humidity • decreased elevation • Air will always move from and area of ___________ pressure to an area of ___________ pressure. • Wind speeds are greatest when isobars are _____________ together. • High pressure = ____________ / clear weather Low pressure = ____________/ stormy weather

25. Weather stations • What information is shown on the weather station model to the right?

26. Fronts • Label the diagrams (Cold Front or Warm Front)

27. Storms