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FOLDS AND STRUCTURES DUE TO FOLDING

FOLDS AND STRUCTURES DUE TO FOLDING.

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FOLDS AND STRUCTURES DUE TO FOLDING

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  1. FOLDS AND STRUCTURES DUE TO FOLDING

  2. Folding generally takes place in areas of sedimentary rocks that have been laid down in horizontal layers called strata. When compression produces thrust [convergence], the earth folds along lines of strength and weakness. This creates long ranges of FOLD MOUNTAINS – Alps, Himalayas, Rockies…

  3. The Alps

  4. Compressed into folds

  5. PARTS OF A FOLD:ANTICLINE: the layers of rock that bend up.

  6. ANTICLINE

  7. SYNCLINE: The layers of rock that bend down

  8. SYNCLINE

  9. SYNCLINE

  10. Anticline

  11. Anticline(s)

  12. Faulting –adjacent surfaces are displaced relative to one another

  13. Normal Fault • In normal faulting, the hanging wall block moves down relative to the footwall block. • Normal faults are associated with crustal TENSION.

  14. Normal Fault…

  15. Reverse Fault • In reverse faulting, the hanging wall block moves up relative to the footwall block. • Reverse faults are associated with crustal COMPRESSION and are also known as thrust faults.

  16. Components of FAULTING…

  17. A horst occurs when a mass of the earth's crust that lies between two faults and is higher than the surrounding land.

  18. A graben is an elongated depression between geologic faults.

  19. Strike-slip Fault • In strike-slip faulting, the two blocks move either to the left or to the right relative to one another.

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