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Roundworms

Roundworms. Pathophysiology. Ascaris lumbricoides. largest nematode parasitizing the human intestine most common human helminthic infection worldwide. MOT: ingestion of infective eggs. Larval migration through the lungs. Most common site: JEJUNUM. Case. Ascaris Bolus. Ascariasis.

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Roundworms

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  1. Roundworms Pathophysiology

  2. Ascaris lumbricoides • largest nematode parasitizing the human intestine • most common human helminthic infection worldwide

  3. MOT: ingestion of infective eggs Larval migration through the lungs Most common site: JEJUNUM

  4. Case Ascaris Bolus

  5. Ascariasis • Diagnosis: identification of eggs in the stool

  6. ASCARIASIS • DOC:mebendazole blocks glucose uptake of the parasite

  7. Enterobiaisis • Enterobius vermicularis • human pinworm • Adult females: 8 to 13 mm, adult male: 2 to 5 mm • Humans : only hosts

  8. MOT: ingestion of eggs

  9. Enterobiasis • most typical symptom nocturnal perianal pruritus • Ectopic enterobiasis

  10. Enterobiasis • Diagnosis: microscopic identification of eggs • Scotch test • cellulose-tape slide test • (3 negative results) • Swube tubes

  11. Pinworm Collector Tubes

  12. Flashlight test: “cotton threads”

  13. Enterobiasis • DOC: pyrantel pamoate.  -spastic paralysis of the worm

  14. Trichinellosis (trichinosis) • Trichinellaspiralis • Worldwide • Most common in parts of Europe and the United States

  15. MOT: ingestion of contaminated meat with encysted cyst

  16. The nurse cell–Larvae complex • may persist for 6 months to several years before calcification and death occur.

  17. trichinellosis (trichinosis), • Steroids • Albendazole: decreases ATP production in worms, causing energy depletion, immobilization, and death

  18. Prevention • adequate cooking to kill the parasite. • If no trace of pink in fluid or flesh is found, these temperatures have been reached.

  19. Freezing : • Salting, smoking, or drying the meat does not kill cysts.

  20. Human hookworms • Ancylostoma duodenale: Old World hookworm • Necator americanus: New World hookworm • Ancylostoma braziliense: penetrate the human skin (causing cutaneous larva migrans), but do not develop any further

  21. HOOKWORMS • second most common human helminthic infection • Worldwide distribution, mostly in areas with moist, warm climate

  22. MOT: skin penetration by filariform larvae Veinsheart lungstracheaGIT oral and transmammary route

  23. Hookworm Filariform Larvae

  24. NECATOR ANCYLOSTOMA 4 ventral teeth pair of ventral semilunar, curved cutting plates

  25. HOOKWORMS • Necator ingests 0.03 mL of blood per worm per day • Ancylostoma ingests 0.20 mL blood per worm per day.

  26. HOOKWORMS • Ground itch: Necator -intensely pruritic, erythematous, or vesicular rash usually appears on the feet or hands • pneumonitis (Loefflerlike syndrome) manifested by cough, fever, and malaise.

  27. HOOKWORMS • DIAGNOSIS: Microscopic identification of eggs in the stool Ancylostoma Necator

  28. HOOKWORM • DOC: Albendazole, Mebendazole or pyrantel pamoate can also be used

  29. Ancylostoma braziliensis(cutaneous larva migrans, creeping eruption) • tropical and subtropical countries • Gulf and southern Atlantic states. • primarily a hookworm of dogs and cats • can infect man and cause skin eruptions • larvae have a tendency to move around for 2 to 10 weeks

  30. CREEPING LARVAE MIGRANS Pathognomonic: serpiginous tunnels

  31. Dracunculus medinensis(Guinea worm; fiery serpent of the Israelites) • 50 million people • North, West and Central Afric • southwestern Asia • West Indies • northeastern South America

  32. MOT: ingestion of contaminated water with copepod (larvae inside)

  33. Copepod • Water fleas/ Cyclops

  34. Dracunculiasis

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