The Mighty Mitochondria

1. The Mighty Mitochondria Presented By: Sarah, Erica, Trish, and Gretchen.

2. With Eukaryotic cells have mitochondria. Protists, fungi, plants and animals are Eukaryotic cells. Therefore they have mitochondria Without Prokaryotic cells do not have mitochondira. Therefore Bacteria and Archaea Bacteria do not have mitochondira. What Cells Have It?

3. What is Found in the Mitochondira? • Outer Membrane • Intermembrane Space • Inner Membrane • Cristae • Matrix • Cytoplasm • Circular DNA • Ribosomes

4. Outer Membrane And Inner Membrane • The outer and inner membranes are composed of a phospholipid bilayer. Outer Membrane Inner Membrane

5. Intermembrane Space • The intermembrane space is the area between the outer and inner membranes. • Their is a high concentration of H+ in the intermembrane space.

6. Cristae • The cristae is the highly folded inside of the inner membrane. • It creates an increase of surface area for ETS to occur and ribosome's to attach.

7. Cytoplasm, Circular DNA and Ribosomes • Cytoplasm fills the area between the cristae. • Circular DNA, much like Eukaryotic cells, is present in the cytoplasm of the mitochondria. • Ribosomes are also present in the cytoplasm of the mitochondria and attached to the walls of the cristae.

8. Functions of the Mitochondria • The mitochondria has many roles, but it is promarily responsible for the carrying out of cellular respiration. • It does this by converting organic materials into energy in the form of ATP also known as adenosine triphosphate. • ATP is the main source of energy for the cell.

9. Cellular Respiration • In cellular respiration the mitochondria uses oxygen to make energy from glucose molecules. • Glucose releases energy when the covalent bonds are broken. • The cell converts the energy into ATP, which is then stored in the cell. • Cellular Respiration can produce 36-38 ATP molecules for each glucose molecule.

10. Functions of the Mitochondria • The function of the mitochondria is to produce ATP. • There are three pathways by which ATP can be produced. • Glycolysis • The Krebs or Citric Acid Cycle • Electron Transport System

11. Glycolysis • It happens in the cytoplasm. A multi-step breakdown of one glucose to two pyruvate. • It is the first stage of cellular respiration, either aerobic or anaerobic, resulting in 2 ATP and 2 NADH at substrate-level phosphorylation

12. Krebs Cycle • The Krebs cycle happens in the matrix of the mitochondria. • Chemical reactions in Krebs cycle finish the breakdown of glucose into CO2. • Most NADH goes to the ETS from here. • The cycle begins again when acetyl CoA enters and reacts with Oxalocetate which is the beginning and ending produce of the Krebs. • The cycle results in 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2FADH2 per glucose. • It is named after German-British researcher Hans Krebs 1930s, who first discovered the cycle.

13. Electron Transport System • ETS happens on the inner membrane of mitochondria. • The cristae expand allowing much ATP synthesis to happen simultaneously. • NADH, FADH2 molecules go through the chain starting with NADH. • They bind and release electrons through redox reactions with hydrogen and oxygen atoms ending with oxygen to form H2O. • This process is oxidative phosphorylation • The energy released through each transfer also aids in H+ being transferred across the membrane to create a concentrated gradient. • The inner membrane space H+ gradient stores potential energy that is used for ATP synthesis 

14. Pictonary • How it will Work: • The class will divide into two teams. • The teams will take turns having one player draw a subject from a hat and drawing it. • If the team guesses what has been drawn in 1 minute, they win a point. • Otherwise the other team gets a chance to guess. • The team with the most points wins. • But remember, we’re all winners!