A Tour through the Brain

1. A Tour through the Brain 130-132 A.P. 84- 89

2. Objectives: The student will • Analyze the Brain Stem • Describe the portion of the Brain that remembers how to ride a bike • Identify the traffic cop of the Brain • Compare the survival part of the brain and the sensory portion of the Brain

3. Quick set up • Localization of Function- Different Brain parts perform different (though overlapping)tasks • Joseph Gall (1758- 1828) thought personality traits were attributed to different parts of the brain • HOWEVER his brain specialization theory had merit • Remember, emotion, thought, tasks involve many structures; so description simplification

4. chapter 4 A tour through the brain • Brain stem • Cerebellum • Thalamus • Hypothalamus and pituitary gland • Amygdala • Hippocampus • Cerebrum and cerebral lobes

5. The Brain Stem • Brain stem- Base of skull, stalk rising out spinal cord • Pathways to and from, 2 main structures (medulla, Pons) • Pons- sleeping, walking, dreaming • Medulla- body functions unconscious, breathing, heart rate. • Hanging works because when break neck, nervous pathways from medulla are severed

6. chapter 4 The brain stem Pons Involved in sleeping, waking, and dreaming Medulla Responsible for certain automatic functions such as breathing and heart rate Reticular activating system Arouses cortex and screens incoming information

7. Stem- Pons-Medulla

8. Brain stem cont • Up core of brain stem • Reticular activating system (RAS) • Dense network of neurons • Above brain stem, center of Brain • Connections high areas, information • Without RAS, maybe not alert or conscious

9. The Cerebellum • Cerebellum- “ lesser Brain” • Located in back part of brain • Sense of balance, coordinates muscles • As a result smooth and precise • Couldn't walk, hold pencil • Remember certain skills reflexes “ riding a bike”

10. chapter 4 The cerebellum Regulates movement and balance Involved in remembering simple skills and acquired reflexes Plays a part in Analyzing sensory information Solving problems Understanding words

11. Thalamus • Deep in Brains Interior • Thalamus- Traffic officer of brain • Sensory messages come in, thalamus processes to higher centers • Sun set, favorite song

12. chapter 4 The thalamus Relays sensory messages to the cerebral cortex Includes all sensory messages except those from olfactory bulb

13. Smell as own place • Only sense it by passes is smell, has own switching station • Olfactory bulb- Lies in area’s of emotion • As a result, smell of grill, flowers, perfume tied to strong memories

14. Hypothalamus and the Pituitary Gland • Beneath the Thalamus “ hypo means under” • Hypothalamus- survival of species • Reproduction, sex, hunger, thirst, emotion • Regulates body temp. sweat, shiver • Biological clock, body daily rhythms

15. chapter 4 Hypothalamus and pituitary gland Involved in emotions and drives vital to survival Fear, hunger, thirst, and reproduction Regulates autonomic nervous system Pituitary gland Small endocrine gland which releases hormones and regulates other endocrine glands

16. Pituitary Gland • Hanging down from Hypothalamus • Pituitary Gland- Endocrine Gland, Discussed in hormones • Master Gland because hormones it secretes affects other glands • True boss hypothalamus, sends hormonal messages to others

17. Summary • Traffic Cop • Riding a Bike • 2 main structure pathways