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Greece

Greece. Greek City-States. Independent & different city-states. Greek City-States. Greek city-states had different ways of governing Sparta & Athens are great examples of different ways to rule: Athens— Democracy Sparta— Oligarchy.

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Greece

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  1. Greece

  2. Greek City-States • Independent & different city-states

  3. Greek City-States • Greek city-states had different ways of governing • Sparta & Athens are great examples of different ways to rule: • Athens— Democracy • Sparta— Oligarchy

  4. Democracy • Pericles strengthens democracy by… • Increase # of paid public officials. Now even the poorest citizen could serve if elected. • Athens had more citizens engage in self-government than any other city-state in Greece. • Male citizens who served in the assembly est. all the important government policies.

  5. Athens • Athens is considered one of the most important cities in Ancient Greece • Contributions: created democracy, established modern foundations in art, literature, philosophy

  6. Sparta • Strong farming economy made up of large class of slaves (helots) • Became powerful city-state because of: • Strong Military—every man was forced to join army • Totalitarian Oligarchy—power in hands of 28 military leaders • Unlike Athens; Spartans hated wealth & the arts

  7. Greeks had cool architecture & developed theater with comedies & tragedies

  8. Euclid’s Geometry Greek Sculpture

  9. Rome

  10. Geography of Rome • Italian peninsula is located in the center of the Mediterranean Sea; Rome is located in center of Italy on Tiber River— excellent spot for trade within Italy and within Mediterranean Sea

  11. Patricians & Plebeians • Patricians—nobles controlled most of valuable land, held key military & religious positions, advised the king; made up only 5% of the population • Plebeians—mostly peasants, laborers, shopkeepers; made up 95% of population; had little say in government, but paid majority of the taxes & were required to serve in Roman army

  12. Timeline of the Roman Monarchy, Republic, and Empire Pax Romana

  13. Main Idea • As Rome enlarged its territory, its republican form of government grew increasingly unstable. Eventually, the Roman Republic gave way to the formation of a mighty dictator-ruled empire that continued to spread Rome’s influence far and wide.

  14. Julius Caesar • Patrician who used politics & charm to gain position as governor of Spanish province; gained wealth, influence, & power

  15. First Triumvirate • In 60 B.C. Julius Caesar joined forces with Pompey (military general) & Crassus (rich patrician who helped get Caesar started) to form the First Triumvirate • With help of the Triumvirate, Caesar was elected Consul; for 10 years this Triumvirate controlled the Senate

  16. Civil War #1: Caesar vs. Pompey • Caesar refused to disband his army & instead returned to occupy Rome; defeated & assassinated his former ally Pompey • Caesar won the support of the people; In 44 B.C. named 10-year dictator: • Granted citizenship to more people, created more jobs, founded 20 more colonies (gave poor people a place to live), created a 365-day calendar

  17. Julius Caesar • Caesar ruled Rome as absolute dictator; many Senators thought he would name himself king • In 44 B.C. Caesar was murdered by Senators (Brutus, Cassius, & others); thought they were saving the Republic

  18. Pax Romana • Beginning with Augustus, Rome entered a period of peace & prosperity for 207 years (27 B.C.-180 A.D.) known as the Pax Romana • Augustus encouraged trade by ending taxes on goods, created highways & aqueducts (for moving water), used concrete to make new architectural buildings, allowed anyone to get job in government if had ability (merit)

  19. #18

  20. English History

  21. Organization of Parliament

  22. Limitations on Monarchy • Magna Carta (1215) • Petition of Right (1628) • Habeas Corpus (1679) • English Bill of Rights (1689) • Cabinet (1702) & Prime Minister (1727)

  23. Renaissance

  24. New Artistic Styles Sfumato • Realism & emotion • Classicism: inspiration from Greece & Rome • Emphasis on individuals & interaction between people • Geometric arrangements • Perspective • Using light & shadows The first nude paintings & sculptures since the Romans Chiaroscuro Greek Renaissance

  25. The Sistine Chapel

  26. Leonardo • A true “Renaissance Man” Leonardo was an inventor, painter, sculptor, & scientist • His “Last Supper” shows Jesus’ last meeting with the 12 apostles before the crucifixion; the facial expressions, detail, emotion made it a masterpiece • His “Mona Lisa” is great for its emotion and depth

  27. Filippo Brunelleschi • Florence’s greatest architect was commissioned to build the Cuppolo of St. Maria del Fiore cathedral: • Brunelleschi studied the Roman Pantheon • The dome inspired modern building designs

  28. Dome Comparisons US Capital, Washington, D.C. St. Peter’s, Rome St. Paul’s, London Il Duomo, Florence

  29. Renaissance in England • Renaissance in England focused on social issues • Thomas More criticized society through Utopia • William Shakespeare wrote plays based on ideas from classics & universal human qualities

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