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The Age of Absolutism

The Age of Absolutism . Do Now. Outlaw: You must write the definition of “absolute monarch” HOWEVER!  The word “power” is OUTLAWED! You may not use the word “power” in your definiton. Agenda. Do Now Guided Notes Timeline Closure . The Beginnings of Absolutism.

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The Age of Absolutism

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  1. The Age of Absolutism

  2. Do Now • Outlaw: • You must write the definition of “absolute monarch” • HOWEVER!  The word “power” is OUTLAWED! • You may not use the word “power” in your definiton

  3. Agenda • Do Now • Guided Notes • Timeline • Closure

  4. The Beginnings of Absolutism • 1547- IVAN the Terrible Comes to Power • Became ruler at age 4 and was treated badly by nobles attempting to control him • Came to power and held onto power tightly by using secret police to hunt down boyars, executing them, and giving their lands to those loyal to him

  5. Phillip II • Came to power in 1555 and inherited Spain, the Spanish Netherlands, and the Spanish territories in the New World • Tried very hard to be an absolute monarch and control the Spanish Netherlands • The Netherlands were Protestant and Phillip was very Catholic • Tried to make them be Catholic • In 1566- The Dutch rebelled and by 1579, they had separated from Spain

  6. Problems in Spain • Lost the Armada to England • Gained a lot of Gold in the Americas, but this: • Caused them to import too much • Increased inflation (There was a lot of money, so it was worth less) • Expelled the Jewish people who made up the middle class, so poor people had to pay all the taxes • Borrowed money to pay for wars from his enemies

  7. Crisis in France • France was very Catholic and had strict laws against Protestants (Huguenots) • 1589, the only person left to inherit the throne was Henry of Navarre (Henry IV) who was a Protestant • He gave up his Protestantism • In 1598, he signed the Edict of Nantes, which gave Protestants the right to worship in peace • He strengthened the monarchy by choosing wise advisors to make France wealthy and staying out of wars.

  8. Monarchy Grows in France • When Henry IV died, he was succeeded by his son, Louis XIII. Louis’s advisor: Cardinal Richelieu • Cardinal Richelieu strengthened the monarchy in France: • He forbade Protestants from building cities with walls because he believed they could rebel against the king that way • He also ordered all nobles to tear down castles they owned that could be used to rebel against the King. • He also involved France in the Thirty Years War

  9. The Thirty Years War • Protestants Versus Catholics in Europe • In 1608- Protestant countries (Germany, the Netherlands) created the Protestant League and the Catholic Countries (France, Spain) created the Catholic League

  10. The Thirty Years War • Protestants rebelled against the Holy Roman Emperor, the Hapsburg Francis II • The Hapsburgs were important rulers of Austria and Spain • At first the Hapsburgs were very successful at defeating the Protestants • In 1630, armies from Sweden defeated the Hapsburgs • Although they were Catholic, France under Cardinal Richelieu feared the Hapsburgs and supported the Protestants

  11. The Peace of Westphalia • The Treaty to end the Thirty Years War • Several important Effects • Weakenedd Hapsburg Austria and Spain • Strengthened France • Made German kingdoms independent • Ended religious wars in Europe • Introduced the idea of treaties

  12. DO NOW: • Look at the chart in front of you • In groups, write an example for each cause and effect

  13. Louis XIV • Came to power very young, so had strong advisor: Cardinal Mazarin • Mazarin increased taxes, so nobles hated himand tried to kidnap Louis XIV • After the rebellion was put down, people accepted absolute monarchy because they wanted peace

  14. Louis XIV • Strengthened the power of the king and became an absolute monarch: • Weakened the power of the nobles by excluding them from council • Gave power to indentants • Minister of Finance Jean Baptiste Colbert increased France’s wealth through colonies, and low exports, wanted to make France self-sufficient • Controlled the nobility by enforcing strict rituals and making them live with him

  15. Louis XIV • France had a very strong army and Louis tried to use it to expand France’s territories • Invaded Netherlands in 1672 • The rest of Europe got fed up and banded together to stop Louis and succeeded • In 1701- War of Spanish Succession • Louis wanted his grandson to be king of Spain • The rest of Europe was afraid of him becoming too powerful

  16. Treaty of Utrecht • Louis XIV’s grandson remained King of Spain as long as the two thrones were never united (so his grandson could never be King of France) • France lost lands in Canada to England • Spanish lost Netherlands to Austrians

  17. Meanwhile in Russia… • Russia was mostly influenced by Eastern Culture • Serfdom was still popular • Boyars had huge amounts of power • The New Czar Peter decided that in order to be successful, Russia had to be like the West

  18. Peter’s Reforms • Brought Russian Orthodox Church under state control- created Holy Synod • Reduced the power of great landowners • Rewarded those loyal to him with land • Expanded and modernized the army • Went to war with Sweden, gained a warm water port and founded Saint Petersburg

  19. Central Europe • Did not have Absolute Monarchs • Nobles were more powerful because serfdom continued to exist • Polish nobles elected the king • Holy Roman Empire was becoming weak

  20. The Hapsburgs • The Hapsburgs were an Austrian family that came to power after the Thirty Years War • Founded by Charles VI, who forced all European monarchs to recognize his daughter, Maria Theresa, as his heir

  21. The Hohenzollerens • Gained power in Prussia after the Thirty Years War- Founded by Frederick William • Prussian nobles called Junkers, resisted the king’s growing power, so he made them the only ones who could be officers in the military • So Prussia had a very militaristic society • Frederick the Great: followed Frederick William’s military policies, but encouraged religious tolerance

  22. War of Austrian Succession • Frederick wanted the Austrian area of Silesia, and figured that since Maria Theresa was a woman, she would not oppose him • Prussia and Austria went to war, Great Britain allied with Austria, and France allied with Prussia • Prussia won, becoming a major power

  23. Seven Years War • Maria Theresa decides to ally with France, marrying her daughter to the French Prince • Prussia signs a treaty with Britain • Austria, France & Russia • VERSUS • Great Britain and Prussia • Prussia invades part of Austria, starting the war • Didn’t really affect boundaries in Europe, but huge shifts in who owned colonies

  24. What is going on? What do you see that makes you think that? What more do you see?

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