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Causes of the Civil War

Causes of the Civil War. Manifest Destiny. US expands to the West Oregon Texas California Utah/ New Mexico Methods Purchase Annexation Compromise War What’s Next for America???. The Gold Rush!!!. Compromise of 1850. Gold is discovered in California

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Causes of the Civil War

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  1. Causes of the Civil War

  2. Manifest Destiny US expands to the West • Oregon • Texas • California • Utah/ New Mexico Methods • Purchase • Annexation • Compromise • War What’s Next for America???

  3. The Gold Rush!!!

  4. Compromise of 1850 Gold is discovered in California • Thousands of Americans and Immigrants move in • Create territorial government and apply for Statehood (Free State) Debate between the North & South • Balance of Power is threatened (15 vs. 15) • Wilmot Proviso: No Slavery in Mexican Cession • Calhoun Succession: If NO slavery/leave Union • Cass Popular Sovereignty: Let the people in the territory decide (popular vote/ majority rule)

  5. Compromise of 1850 Clay’s Compromise • California Free 4. UT & NM Pop. Sov. • Stricter Fugitive Slave Law 5. Tx Land goes to NM • Slavery in DC is legal BUT no slave trading in DC President Z. Taylor (1849-50) Whig • Rejects Compromise • Dies in the Summer of 1850 New President Millard Fillmore • Supports legislation & passes it

  6. Reaction: Comp. of 1850 North South Upset that California was added as a free State (North has more power in the Senate) Like Stricter Fugitive Slave Act (but angry when not enforced) Satisfied with Popular Sovereignty in the West Threatened by Northern attacks and activities that want to end Slavery • Upset with the Fugitive Slave Law • Pass Personal Liberty Laws to bypass the Law • Aid Underground Railroad activities • Publish Newspapers (WL Garrison the Liberator) • Write Books against slavery (Harriet Beecher Stowe Uncle Tom’s Cabin)

  7. The Underground RR! Pathway to Freedom Conductors & Passengers Harriet Tubman- Conductor that led up to 300 people to freedom (over 13 trips). Levi Coffin- Ohio Quaker that helped over 2,000 fugitive slaves (Pres.). (Rev. Rankin) Henry “BOX” Brown- Mailed himself to freedom. Frederick Douglass- Escaped Slave/ Abolitionist Advocate W. Stills, M. Garner, R. Smalls • Informal system used by slaves to escape to Canada & Free States. (Songs used as map) • Many followed wooded & water routes and secret signals to avoid detection. • Stopped at many at “DEPOTS”, safe-houses of free blacks & anti-slavery whites. • Had to avoid slave-catchers in Northern Cities (Philly/NYC)

  8. How are the 2 Images Related?

  9. Election of 1852 ! Candidates • Whigs select Winfield Scott (over M. Fillmore) b/c of his military success in the Mexican-American War • Democrats select Franklin Pierce (Douglas, Buchanan, and Cass) b/c he supported the Comp. of 1850 & FSL • Free-Soil Party selected John Hale to lead their campaign against the expansion of slavery in America Issue • Slavery/ Expansion of Slavery (Comp. of 1850/FSL) Result • Pierce (254), Scott (42), & Hale (0)

  10. Kansas-Nebraska Act ! Organization of the West • Trans-Continental Railroad (No.,Central,So.) • Gadsden Purchase (land for Southern Route) Stephen A. Douglas • Plan to organize Nebraska Territory • Needs Southern Votes (divide the territory into Kansas & Nebraska and allows Popular Sovereignty) Pierce is Pressured and Passes it • Southern States support b/c it opened land to slavery • Northern States outraged b/c it canceled the Missouri Compromise of 1820

  11. Bleeding Kansas ! Settlement • Both PRO & ANTI Slavery settlers move in • New England Emigrant Aid Society(pay/beecher’s bibles) Elections • 1st Votes: Pro Slavery Government (border jumping?) • Anti Slavery Settlers object & set up their own Gov.’t • Two Constitutions are sent & are rejected by Pierce Violence • Settlers protest, raid, destroy, and kill(Lawrence/P Creek) • Sumner is caned by Brooks for attack on Slavery & Butler

  12. The Republican Party -Wisconsin: Whigs, Free-Soil, Anti-Slavery Democrats • Revive the spirit of the American Revolution • Against the Expansion of Slavery in the West • Divided on Abolition of Slavery • Opposed Popular Sovereignty • Opposed the Nullification of the Comp. of 1820 • Opposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act

  13. Election of 1856 ! Candidates American- Fillmore Republicans- Fremont Democrats- Buchanan Buchanan wins: Not tied to Slavery/ Bleeding KS

  14. Dred Scott Case ! Sues owner for their freedom b/c they lived in the North ! State Courts ruling were inconclusive (Free & Slave) Supreme Court Ruled (Taney) • AA’s not Citizens • AA’s are Property ! • MO Comp is Unconstitutional President Buchanan supported the decision & hoped that the fight over slavery was done

  15. Lincoln-Douglas Debates! A. Lincoln • Selected by the Republicans to battle Douglas in Illinois • Speaks openly about Slavery (it’s wrong) but they have the right to it S. A. Douglas (Winner) • Is the current Senator & nationally recognized • Freeport Doctrine, Pro Slave Kansas, Scott Case

  16. FREEPORT DOCTRINE What is popular sovereignty? Is it the right of people to have slavery or not have it, as they see fit in the territories? As I understand the Dred Scott decision, if only 1 man wants slaves, all the rest have no way of keeping that one man from holding them. It matters not what way the Supreme Court may here- after decide the question of slavery. The constitution allows for it to be introduced and excluded. Slavery cannot exist unless it is supported by local regulations. If they oppose slavery they can oppose its existence. Douglas

  17. John Brown’s Raids! Abolitionist • Moved to Kansas to settle it as a Free State • Retaliation attack at Pottawatomie Creek Underground Railroad • Aided in the escape of Slaves from Missouri • Moved Free Slaves to Canada Harper’s Ferry, Virginia (Oct 16th , 1859) • Raids Federal Arsenal to gather weapons • Plan to arm Slaves and start an rebellion Capture and Trial (Dec 1859) • Buchanan sends in the Marines (Lee) • Accused and Convicted of Treason (Hanged) • Is Brown a Hero/Martyr OR a Villain

  18. Election of 1860! Candidates • Democrats> • Northern- Douglas • Popular Sovereignty, Freeport Doctrine • Southern-Breckinridge (Buchanan’s VP) • Dred Scott Decision, Federal Slave Code • Constitutional Union> • Bell • Save the Union, uphold the Constitution • Republican> ! • Lincoln (Wins w/o Southern Votes) • Anti-Brown’s Raid; For- South’s Rights to own Slaves, a Protective Tariff, New Homestead Laws, Transcontinental RR

  19. Attack on Fort Sumter ! After Election (November) • By Feb 1861 South Carolina & 6 Southern States Secede • Congress’ Crittenden’s Compromise Fails (MO- Line) • Seceded States seize all Federal Property(arsenals/forts) • Formation of the CSA, write a Constitution, Davis Prez. Lincoln’s Inauguration (March) • Tries to save the Union by promising to allow slavery where it already exists (We are not enemies, but friends) Fort Sumter (April) • Confederacybombs the Fort and forces a surrender • Lincoln calls for volunteers to suppress the rebellion • Virginia & 3 more States secede (Join the CSA/ No Choice)

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