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Animal Science

Animal Science. Agriscience Applications. Objective. Investigate careers related to the field of animal science. Careers in Agriscience. Most entry-level jobs require a high school diploma 20% require college degrees Some careers require advanced degrees Veterinarian

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Animal Science

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  1. Animal Science Agriscience Applications

  2. Objective • Investigate careers related to the field of animal science

  3. Careers in Agriscience • Most entry-level jobs require a high school diploma • 20% require college degrees • Some careers require advanced degrees • Veterinarian • Highly technical task (embryo transfer) • High school agriculture class is a good start

  4. Veterinarian

  5. Embryo Transfer Technicians

  6. Objective • Examine tools related to the animal science industry

  7. Animal Science Tools • Candling Light • View the interior of eggs • Castration tools • Burdizzo • Castrator • Artificial Insemination • Artificial vagina to collect semen • Insemination straw for the disposition of semen into the female

  8. Egg Candling

  9. Egg Candling

  10. Semen Collection

  11. Ear Notching

  12. Animal Science Tools • Management tools • Dehorner • Rectal thermometer • Syringe for injections • “V” notcher for identification of swine

  13. Animal Science Tools

  14. Objective • Analyze the various breeds of beef, swine and poultry as related to use and the economic value of each

  15. Beef Breeds • English Breeds (European, Bos taurus) • Angus- black breed with excellent meat quality • Hereford- red with a white face • Shorthorn- used in the bloodline of more than 30 other breeds

  16. Angus

  17. Beef Breeds • Exotic Breeds (India, Bos indicus) • Grow faster than English breeds • Leaner meat • Brahman, BeefMaster, Brangus

  18. Brahman

  19. Beef Breeds • Breeds in America have been developed by crossing (breeding) English and Exotic Breeds from India • Resulted in: • Increased heat tolerance • Parasite (worms, lice) resistance • Resist disease

  20. Dairy Breeds • Holstein • 90% of the dairy cattle in the US • Black and white • Leading producer of milk • Produce about 18,000 lbs. Of milk per cow per year

  21. Dairy Breeds • Other Breeds • Guernsey- fawn and white • Jersey- cream to light fawn to almost black • Number one in milk fat • Ayrshire-cherry red and white • Brown Swiss- solid brown

  22. Holstein

  23. Jersey

  24. Swine and Poultry Breeds Objective: Analyze the difference between swine and poultry

  25. Swine Breeds • American Landrace • Duroc • Chester White • Hampshire • Yorkshire

  26. American Landrace

  27. Duroc

  28. Chester White

  29. Hampshire

  30. Yorkshire

  31. Swine Industry • The swine industry has changed from the lard type hog to a lean type demanded by consumers today • Types of operations: • Feeder-pig • Market-hog • Farrow to Finish

  32. Swine Industry • Purebred producers produce high quality boars: • Improves the genetic make-up • Purebreds are crossed with regular sows to increase hybrid vigor

  33. Poultry Production • Classified as: • Broilers • Layers • egg producers • White Leghorn are used mostly for egg production

  34. White Leghorn Rooster

  35. Poultry Industry • Another Class of Chicken is the Bantam • Miniature versions of standard breeds • Primarily for show • 90% of the turkeys grown are broad breasted whites

  36. Poultry Industry Dutch Bantam Chicken

  37. Pop-Quiz • Provide an explanation for the term “farrow.” • What is the breed of cattle that leads in milk production? • What breed of cattle is know for producing the most milk fat? • What is the most common breed of laying chicken? • Describe the term “hybrid vigor.”

  38. Animal Nutrition Objective: Determine the nutritional requirements for livestock and poultry breeds found in North Carolina

  39. Major Nutrients • Water • Protein • Carbohydrates • Minerals • Vitamins • Fats and Oils

  40. Water • Largest component of all living things • Animals tissue is about 75% • Regulates body temperature • Perspiration • Transports nutrients • Involved in all biochemical reactions

  41. Proteins • Major component of muscles and tissues • Made up of amino acids • Continuously needed to replace dying body cells • Young animals need large amounts for growth

  42. Carbohydrates • Composed of sugar and starches • Provide energy and heat • Make up 75% of most animal rations • Main source: • Corn • Cereal grains

  43. Minerals • 15 essential minerals: • Calcium, phosphorus, sodium, etc. • Example: calcium is needed in poultry for eggshell development • Minerals are supplied by: • Naturally • Mineral supplements • Mineral (lick) blocks

  44. Vitamins • Needed in small quantities • Need for vitamins varies from species to species • Sources: • Naturally found in feed • Feed additives made from animal by-products • Made by the body itself

  45. Fats and Oils • Only needed in small amounts • Improves: • Flavor • Palatability • Texture • Increases fattening and milk production • Carriers of some vitamins

  46. Classes of Feed • Concentrates • Low in fiber • Cereal grains • Animal and Plant by-products • Roughages (high fiber) • Dry roughage is hay • Green roughage includes pastures • Silage is roughage fermented from green chop

  47. TDN • Total Digestible Nutrients Concentrates are high in TDN Roughages are low in TDN

  48. Assignment • Read pages 484 to 499 • Complete Self Evaluation page 499 and page 500 • Complete both section A and B

  49. Animal Digestive Systems Objective: Compare animal digestive systems of beef, swine, and poultry

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